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Herman von Bon (Good Morning in Napier, South Africa)

A Study of Jude

Author: Stephen Weller
15 Lessons
10,362 words, 55 minutes read time

Page Index

Jude – Contending for the Faith

Introduction to Jude

Bible Project – Overview of Jude

Context for Jude

The book of Jude was written during a time when false teachers had infiltrated the church and were corrupting the faith from within. Jude, the brother of James and likely a half-brother of Jesus, originally intended to write about the common salvation shared by believers. However, he felt compelled to address a more urgent issue; the growing influence of ungodly individuals who had secretly entered Christian communities and were distorting the grace of God into a license for immoral living while denying the authority of Jesus Christ (Jude 3–4).

Jude writes to believers who were facing the danger of deception and spiritual compromise. Drawing upon numerous Old Testament examples, as well as well-known Jewish traditions, he demonstrates that God has consistently judged rebellion, unbelief, and apostasy. He reminds his readers of Israel’s unbelief in the wilderness, the rebellion of angels, and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah to show that divine judgment is certain for those who reject God’s truth.

The letter emphasizes the necessity of contending earnestly for the faith once for all delivered to the saints. Rather than allowing false teaching to spread unchecked, believers are called to stand firmly in the truth, remain spiritually vigilant, and build one another up in faith. Jude encourages Christians to persevere by praying in the Holy Spirit, keeping themselves in God’s love, and looking forward to the mercy of Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life.

Although Jude is one of the shortest books in the New Testament, it delivers a powerful message about defending biblical truth, recognizing false teachers, trusting God’s judgment, and remaining faithful to Christ. The letter concludes with one of the most beloved doxologies in Scripture, praising God who is able to keep His people from stumbling and present them blameless before His glorious presence with great joy (Jude 24–25).

Major Themes in Jude

1. Contending for the Faith

Jude urges believers to actively defend the truth of the gospel against false teaching and spiritual corruption. The faith has been entrusted once for all to God’s people and must be preserved without compromise. Christians are called to stand firmly on biblical truth and resist any distortion of God’s revealed message.

Key Verses: Jude 3–4

2. The Danger of False Teachers

A central theme of Jude is the warning against false teachers who secretly infiltrate the church. These individuals distort God’s grace, deny Christ through their actions and teachings, and lead others into error. Jude exposes their character, motives, and ultimate judgment to protect believers from deception.

Key Verses: Jude 4, 8–13, 16

3. God’s Judgment on Unbelief and Rebellion

Jude reminds his readers that God has consistently judged rebellion throughout history. He points to unbelieving Israel, fallen angels, and Sodom and Gomorrah as examples demonstrating that God’s holiness requires judgment upon persistent sin and rejection of His authority.

Key Verses: Jude 5–7, 14–15

4. The Certainty of Divine Justice

Although false teachers may seem successful for a time, Jude emphasizes that God will ultimately execute justice. The Lord sees every act of rebellion and will bring all people to account. This assurance encourages believers to remain faithful even when evil appears to prosper.

Key Verses: Jude 14–15

5. Apostasy and Spiritual Corruption

Jude highlights the progression of apostasy, showing how individuals abandon God’s truth and embrace self-centered desires. Using examples such as Cain, Balaam, and Korah, Jude illustrates the destructive consequences of rejecting God’s ways and pursuing personal ambition.

Key Verses: Jude 11–13

6. Remembering Apostolic Teaching

Believers are instructed to remember the warnings and teachings given by the apostles. Sound doctrine provides protection against deception and helps Christians recognize false teachings when they arise. Faithfulness to apostolic truth remains essential for spiritual stability.

Key Verses: Jude 17–19

7. Spiritual Growth and Perseverance

Jude encourages Christians to strengthen their faith through prayer, obedience, and dependence upon the Holy Spirit. Believers are to build themselves up spiritually while remaining firmly rooted in God’s love and awaiting Christ’s return.

Key Verses: Jude 20–21

8. Showing Mercy While Guarding Holiness

Christians are called to minister compassionately to those who have been influenced by error. Jude advocates rescuing those in danger while exercising wisdom and maintaining personal holiness. Mercy and discernment must work together in restoring others.

Key Verses: Jude 22–23

9. The Security of Believers in Christ

Despite the presence of false teachers and spiritual dangers, Jude affirms God’s ability to preserve His people. Believers can have confidence that God is actively guarding them and will ultimately present them blameless before His presence.

Key Verses: Jude 1, 24

10. The Glory and Sovereignty of God

Jude concludes with a magnificent doxology that celebrates God’s power, majesty, authority, and eternal reign. The letter ends by directing believers’ attention away from false teachers and toward the God who alone is worthy of worship and praise.

Key Verses: Jude 24–25

Key Theme of Jude

Contend Earnestly for the Faith While Trusting God to Preserve His People Amid False Teaching and Apostasy.

Key Verses: Jude 3–4, 24–25

Chapter 1 – Contending for the Faith

Chapter Introduction

Jude opens with urgency and pastoral concern, calling believers to stand firm in a time of spiritual confusion and moral drift. Though brief, the letter delivers a powerful warning against false teachers who distort grace and lead others astray, reminding the church of God’s past judgments and His ability to keep His people secure. Jude urges Christians to contend for the faith with discernment, perseverance, and compassion, ending with a soaring doxology that celebrates the God who preserves His own with unfailing strength and glory.

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Chapter Lesson Index

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Chapter Questions and Answers

  1. Who wrote the book of Jude, and why is his identity significant?
  2. Why did Jude decide to write this letter?
  3. What does Jude mean when he tells believers to “contend for the faith”?
  4. What characteristics marked the false teachers Jude condemned?
  5. Why does Jude refer to examples such as Israel, angels, and Sodom and Gomorrah?
  6. What is the significance of the examples of Cain, Balaam, and Korah?
  7. What does Jude teach about God’s judgment?
  8. How does Jude describe the behavior of ungodly people in the last days?
  9. What practical instructions does Jude give believers for remaining faithful?
  10. What does Jude teach about helping those who are struggling spiritually?
  11. What does it mean to “keep yourselves in the love of God”?
  12. What is the significance of Jude’s closing doxology?
  13. What is the central message of Jude

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Bible Lessons

1.1 Jude, Introduction

With this lesson we begin a verse-by-verse study of Jude, written by Jude the brother of James and Jesus. In Matthew 13:55 and Mark 6:3 we find the name Judas which is the same as “Jude” mentioned in Jude 1:1. There is little debate regarding who actually wrote Jude.

The letter of Jude addresses a situation similar to that addressed in 2 Peter and its content is similar in some ways to 2 Peter, which suggest that it may have been a source to 2 Peter. It is believed to have been written in the mid-60s A.D.

The theme of Jude is expressed in verse 3: “Beloved, although I was very eager to write to you about our common salvation, I found it necessary to write appealing to you to contend for the faith that was once for all delivered to the saints” (Jude 1:1 ESV).

It has been decided to follow the four-point outline given by the text titles in the ESV Study Bible.

It is my prayer that you will enjoy this study as much as I look forward to writing the lessons.

1.2 Jude 1:1, Those Called

1:1 Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James, to those who are called, beloved in God the Father and kept for Jesus Christ: (Jude 1:1 ESV)

In the previous lesson we introduced the letter of Jude. In this lesson we will cover the first verse of the greeting of the letter.

Jude is the brother of both Jesus and James, but by identifying himself a servant of Jesus, he is acknowledging that Jesus is his Lord. We know much about Jesus because of our Gospel Harmonization study, but what about James? According to history, James played a major role in the New Testament after Pentecost. We find him mentioned in Acts 12:17 where Peter wants James to be informed about his escape from prison. In Acts 15:13 we find James speaking to the assembly. In Acts 21:18, Paul seeks out James for a meeting. In Galatians 1:19, Paul again meets with James. James was described as a pillar in the church in Galatians 2:9.

 To understand the meaning of the word “called” we must go back to Romans 8 and look at verses 28 through 30 (ESV): 28 “And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. 29 For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. 30 And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified.”

“Called” is the third word in a series of five words: foreknew, predestined, called, justified, and glorified. “Foreknew” speaks of being selected for a special purpose at the beginning of creation. Those God selected or chose, he predetermined, or predestined, to conform them to the image of his Son. At a particular time, those chosen are called forth as chosen ones and he causes them to be born again, which justifies them before God since their sins were covered by the death of Jesus on the cross. After the work of these chosen (Ephesians 2:8 – 10) is complete they are glorified in heaven. Like these called in Jude, I had no part is being chosen. God in his sovereignty makes the choice and does all that is required to follow the path described by the above five words. Hardly a day goes by that I don’t thank God for choosing me and causing me to be born again because without his work I would have continued as described in Romans 3:11 and would never have come to salvation. Without God causing us to seek God, all would remain in their sin.

Those called are adopted as children of God and are referred to as “beloved in God the Father.” At the time of being born again we are given as a gift to Jesus Christ who gives us eternal life and the promise of eternal security.

“Kept for Jesus Christ” has two meanings and thus is translated two different ways: (1) kept for Jesus Christ and (2) kept by Jesus Christ. Until the time we are given to Jesus Christ, we are kept safe by God. When, at our spiritual birth, we are given to Jesus, we are then eternally kept by Jesus Christ.

1.3 Jude 1:2, Mercy, Peace, and Love

1:2 may mercy, peace, and love be multiplied to you. (Jude 1:2 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at the meaning of called and in this lesson we will look at the meaning of mercy, peace, and love that is to be multiplied to us.

Using “Smart Lookup” from Microsoft Word, one finds the definition of mercy to be: “compassion or forgiveness shown toward someone whom it is within one’s power to punish or harm.” Does God have the power and reason to punish us? “for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23 ESV) and according to Romans 6:23 ESV: “the wages of sin is death.” God does have the power to destroy both the body and soul in hell (Matthew 10:28 ESV) and he does have reason to punish us with death.

4 “But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, 5 even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ” (Ephesians 2:4 – 5 ESV). Because of Jesus providing for our salvation, God was able to show compassion and forgive us our sin and make us alive in Jesus Christ. God did all that was needed to provide for our salvation. 8 “For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, 9 not a result of works, so that no one may boast.” (Ephesians 2:8 – 9 ESV).

The meaning of peace depends on one’s reference. In the world, peace is described as the lack of conflict. That is not the peace Jude had in mind. His thinking relates to what Paul said in Colossians 1:21 – 22 ESV: 21 “And you, who once were alienated and hostile in mind, doing evil deeds, 22 he has now reconciled in his body of flesh by his death, in order to present you holy and blameless and above reproach before him.”

Because of our sin we were enemies of God, but yet loved by him (John 3:16) to the point that Jesus Christ died to provide for our salvation and in so doing reconciled us by making us acceptable before God. We who were children of wrath (Ephesians 2:3) are now children of God (John 1:12) and we have peace with God and with one another. There are times when our sin strains that peace, but we can always seek forgiveness.

What meaning for love did Jude have in mind? Clearly it is not based on our feelings, but on something entirely different. Beginning with 1 John 4:8 or 16, we find that God is love and looking at Galatians 5:22 – 23, love is expressed by the characteristics of “joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, [and] self-control.” Adding Philippians 2:4 we read: “Let each of you look not only to his own interests, but also to the interests of others.”

God saw our need of salvation and as an expression of his love he sent his Son to die in our place to provide for our need. One could say that love is the willingness to sacrifice to help meet the need of another. “Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends” (John 15:13 ESV). But God went one step farther when the Son of God died for his enemies. (See lesson 1Jn29) To what extent are you willing to love your enemies?

“Mercy triumphs over judgment” (James 2:13) and through reconciliation provides peace (Colossians 1:21 – 22) between us and God, and through the indwelling Holy Spirit, we are able to love as God does. Jude in his greeting desires that as believers that mercy, peace, and love continue to multiply within us to conform us into the image of Jesus Christ.

1.4 Jude 1:3-4, Maintain a Pure Gospel

1:3 Beloved, although I was very eager to write to you about our common salvation, I found it necessary to write appealing to you to contend for the faith that was once for all delivered to the saints. 4 For certain people have crept in unnoticed who long ago were designated for this condemnation, ungodly people, who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality and deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ. (Jude 1:3 – 4 ESV)

With the previous lesson we finished Jude’s greeting to those who were called beloved in God the Father. With this lesson we will cover a new section about false teachers that are causing problems in the church.

Jude addresses those he is writing to as “beloved” which indicates a strong personal concern for the threat against them from false teachers. He tells them that his intentions were to write to them about a salvation that had no boundaries and was available for all both Jew and Gentile, but it appears that word had reached him about false teachers and their evil influence, and he decides to address that problem in his letter. It is essential that the gospel remain pure for saving faith to be produced.

Jude wants them to take their stand against these ungodly teachers who have crept in unnoticed and are by their words and actions beginning to pervert the grace of God. Jude wants them to “contend for the faith that was once delivered to [them].” That “faith” represents the known and received body of truth about Jesus and salvation through him, and the devil knows that if that truth can be distorted then people will be misled into believing they are saved but are not.

Paul told his readers to “Fight the good fight of the faith. [To] take hold of the eternal life to which [they] were called and about which [they] made the good confession in the presence of many witnesses” (1 Timothy 6:12 ESV). We are to strive to enter through the narrow door of grace, not works, for many will seek to enter and will not be able (Luke 13:24) because there will eventually be a time when the opportunity to trust in Jesus Christ will be taken away.

At the time Jude wrote this letter, Christian doctrine had already been fixed and established in the apostolic teaching of the early church, but there were some that were not in agreement and have taken their stand against it and still do today. Jude is instructing them to stand against any attempt of diluting or in some way distorting the truth or causing it to be impure.

God knew that these false teachers would slip into our midst to spy out our freedom that we have in Jesus Christ and then attempt, through their false teaching, to bring us into slavery again (Galatians 2:4). For reasons that only God fully understands, he allows these “ungodly people, who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality and [who] deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ” to continue under his control. Just as God is in contention with the devil, he uses godly people to contend against these false teachers, but one day the contention will end, and full righteousness will be restored.

The day is coming when the devil and these false teachers will be judged and condemned for their evil. Just as there were false prophets in the Old Testament, there will be false teachers among us who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, but as they do they are bringing upon themselves their own destruction (2 Peter 2:1).

1.5 Jude 1:5, The Importance of Belief and Good Works

1:5 Now I want to remind you, although you once fully knew it, that Jesus, who saved a people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed those who did not believe. (Jude 1:5 ESV)

With the previous lesson we covered the short section about the need to contend for the faith in the face of false teachers who desire to teach their destructive heresies among believers. With this lesson we begin a section that looks at judgment that is reserved for these false teachers.

Jude begins this section by telling those he is writing to, by way of reminder, something they once fully knew. This kind of reminding is something we observed Peter do in in 2 Peter 1:12 and in 3:17: “Therefore I intend always to remind you of these qualities, though you know them and are established in the truth that you have” (2 Peter 1:12 ESV); “You therefore, beloved, knowing this beforehand, take care that you are not carried away with the error of lawless people and lose your own stability” (2 Peter 3:17 ESV).

Jude reminds them about the time Jesus saved a people out of the land of Egypt and then afterward destroyed those who did not believe. This statement assumes that Jesus existed before his virgin birth and working through Moses he delivered the Jewish people from Egypt. Today Jesus is delivering people from sin and death through the gospel. At the time of Moses, the destination was the promise land, while today it is heaven. Those who were led out from Egypt 4 “all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock was Christ. 5 Nevertheless, with most of them God was not pleased, for they were overthrown in the wilderness” (1 Corinthians 10:4 – 5 ESV). Today there are those who have been pressured into praying the sinner’s prayer, who were then told that they were saved, but they really were not.

Of those who were delivered from Egypt, only Joshua and Caleb actually made it to the promise land to live. All the others were overthrown in the wilderness allowing only their offspring to enter. Seeing the severity of judgment in the wilderness, we should take to heart the need to contend for the faith today by standing against false teachers and by keeping the gospel of grace pure.

8 “For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, 9 not a result of works, so that no one may boast. 10 For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them” (Ephesians 2:8 – 10 ESV). Belief is critical to salvation, but doing the assigned good works is critical to our sanctification. Let us not fail at either!

1.6 Jude 1:6, The Angels Who Sinned

6 And the angels who did not stay within their own position of authority, but left their proper dwelling, he has kept in eternal chains under gloomy darkness until the judgment of the great day— (Jude 1:6 ESV)

In the previous lesson we were reminded of the importance of belief and doing good works. In this lesson we will look at angels who sinned and, like those delivered from Egypt who sinned will face judgment.

There were certain angels who were not satisfied with the position of authority God had given them and they decided not to stay in their proper dwelling place, assumed to be heaven, but to go someplace else. Jude does not say why they were dissatisfied and any conjecture on our part would be useless. There were some later Jews that supposed that they relinquished heaven out of love for the daughters of men. This could be suggested by Genesis 6:4 ESV: “The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of man and they bore children to them. These were the mighty men who were of old, the men of renown.”

Peter spoke of these angels in 2 Peter 2:4 ESV: “For if God did not spare angels when they sinned but cast them into hell and committed them to chains of gloomy darkness to be kept until the judgment.” Peter refers to the chains as “chains of gloomy darkness” whereas Jude refers to them as “eternal chains.” Where God eternally secured them was a place of deep darkness that was endless, a place where light would never exist.

Since there is reference to a final trial their location and punishment may change as suggested by Matthew 25:41 ESV: “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.’” For now, these particular angels, who saw the beauty of the daughters of men, who forsake their own kingdom and entered into unnatural relations with them, are securely held until the time of their judgment.

This is a short lesson, but since verse 7 refers to another group who sinned and will be punished, we will wait and cover them in the next short lesson.

1.7 Jude 1:7, Sodom and Gomorrah

1:7 just as Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding cities, which likewise indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire, serve as an example by undergoing a punishment of eternal fire. (Jude 1:7 ESV)

In the previous lesson we considered the angels who sinned and are restrained in a secure location waiting for the time of final judgment. In this lesson we will consider another group who sinned and are also waiting for their judgment.

The use of the phrase “likewise indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire” would support the idea of the angels of verse 6 having unnatural sexual relations with the “daughters of men.” Those Jude is now speaking about who “indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desires” were located in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding cities. These were initially judged in Genesis 19:24 (ESV) when “the Lord rained on Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from the Lord out of heaven.” Their final judgment will come later.

It is not clear what these “unnatural desires” were. Several possibilities were suggested in the NET footnote 35 found at this link. It could include flesh of another species such as angels lusting after human flesh, or homosexual practices of the Sodomites, or some other practices.

These examples, given by Jude, of coming judgment for these who have sinned is presented as a reminder that these false teachers who are also guilty of sin will likewise undergo a punishment of eternal fire.

I just thought about the burning bush and the tongues of fire at Pentecost which were the presence of God. Is it possible that this eternal fire is God’s holy eternal presence that would be extremely painful for them and ever present? Is it possible for a place to be isolated from an eternal God? If so would he still be infinite?

Before I closed this lesson I had to look into this further and found “eternal fire” used only three times in the Bible (Matthew 18:8, Matthew 25:41, and Jude 1:7) and it was not defined in any of those places. My search produced many opinions but little good information. It may be hot in hell but maybe the heat is from another source.

This brings us to the end of the section devoted to judgment that is reserved for false teachers.

1.8 Jude 1:8, The Sin of False Teachers

1:8 Yet in like manner these people also, relying on their dreams, defile the flesh, reject authority, and blaspheme the glorious ones. (Jude 1:8 ESV)

With the previous lesson we finished the section about judgment that is reserved for false teachers. With this lesson we will begin a new section in which Jude looks at the nature of the false teachers and at the immoral character of the opponents of Christ. This section is really an extension of the analogies of verses 5 through 7. The section to follow this one gives other examples.

In verses 5 – 7 we looked at judgment on three groups: (1) Israel, (2) angels, and (3) Sodom and Gomorrah. Jude used these three examples to show the judgment coming to false teaches, “these people” of verse 8. In our current section Jude gives two more examples that will apply to these false teachers. In verse 9 is the example of Michael who restrained himself and did not rebuke the devil but these false teachers (“these people” of verse 10) blasphemed all that they did not understand. In verse 10 is the example of Cain, Balaam, and Korah who sinned in various ways. Jude applies this to these false teachers in verse 12, again, with the use of “these.” Looking ahead to the next section we have Enoch’s proclamation in verses 14 – 15 and again Jude applies it to these false teachers with the use of “these” in verse 16. Looking ahead one more section to verses 17 – 18 we find the predictions of the apostles about conditions in the “last time” which Jude applied to these false teachers in verse 19 with the use of “it is these.” With this summary before us, let us continue with verse 8.

Like the sinful manner outlined in verses 5 – 7, “these people,” these false teachers, who were relying on their dreams and not on the truth, did three things: they (1) defile the flesh, (2) reject authority, and (3) blaspheme the glorious ones.

The reason these false teachers were relying on their dreams is probably because they must derive their authority from some source and their dreams provide the most reasonable source. With their dreams being their standard, they disobey God’s written word and “follow their own ungodly passions” (verse 18). As they follow their dreams, they are sexual immoral and defile the flesh. The authority they reject is most likely the authority of the Lord because in verse 4, they “deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.” On the one hand they defile the flesh and on the other hand they reject authority and as a result they blaspheme the glorious ones, which refers to angelic beings rather than mere human beings.

We looked at these “glorious ones” when we studied 2 Peter 2:10, found at this link. These “glorious ones” are angels but it is not clear if they are good or bad ones. The ESV and NET footnotes indicate that they are probably bad angels.

1.9 Jude 1:9-11, Examples of Michael, Cain, Balaam, and Korah

1:9 But when the archangel Michael, contending with the devil, was disputing about the body of Moses, he did not presume to pronounce a blasphemous judgment, but said, “The Lord rebuke you.” 10 But these people blaspheme all that they do not understand, and they are destroyed by all that they, like unreasoning animals, understand instinctively. 11 Woe to them! For they walked in the way of Cain and abandoned themselves for the sake of gain to Balaam’s error and perished in Korah’s rebellion. (Jude 1:9 – 11 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at four characteristics of false teachers. They were: (1) relying on their dreams, (2) defiling the flesh, (3) rejecting authority, and (4) blaspheming the glorious ones. In this lesson we look at the blaspheming of these false teachers.

Jude introduces Michael, which according to Jewish intertestamental literature is one of seven archangels. Michael was found arguing with the devil and disputing about the body of Moses, but he never did so flippantly, and he did not blaspheme him. This dispute is not found in the Old Testament, and so whatever story Jude is referring to has been lost. The point being made is that Michael understood his place in God’s design and did not judge the devil but leaves that judgment in the hands of God saying only, “The Lord rebuke you.” On the other hand, these people, these false teachers, blaspheme all that they do not understand and live outside God’s design for them.

There are two different classes of objects here: (1) high and holy objects that are beyond their knowledge, and (2) animals without intelligence. Since these false teachers lack knowledge to connect with that which is holy, and since their understanding is thus limited to the senses, Jude connects them to unreasoning animals, or animals without intelligence. They live only for sensual indulgence and thus sink deeper and deeper in sensual gratifications, and as they do they become rash and profane of speech where they should, like Michael, become silent and restrained.

Jude now relates these false teachers to the ways of Cain, to Balaam’s error, and Korah’s rebellion. Cain and Abel both offered a sacrifice to God, 5 “but for Cain and his offering he had no regard. So, Cain was very angry, and his face fell. 6 The Lord said to Cain, “Why are you angry, and why has your face fallen? 7 If you do well, will you not be accepted? And if you do not do well, sin is crouching at the door. Its desire is contrary to you, but you must rule over it.” 8 Cain spoke to Abel his brother. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.” (Genesis 4:5 – 8 ESV).

Peter also makes reference to Balaam in 2 Peter 2:15 ESV: “Forsaking the right way, they have gone astray. They have followed the way of Balaam, the son of Beor, who loved gain from wrongdoing.” Balaam was a prophet of God, but he was willing for a fee for divination to try to curse the Jewish people as they came out of Egypt that they would not have the ability to displace the nations from the land God had given to them. Balaam was willing to do wrong for his own personal gain.

Korah’s rebellion is described in Numbers 16. Korah gathered around him 250 chiefs of the congregation and assembled themselves against Moses and Aaron and challenged their leadership thus opposing the Lord. Moses declares that he had been chosen by the Lord to deliver them to the promise land and as soon as he finished speaking, the Lord caused the earth under those assembled against Moses to open up and consume them.

Jude showcases these three men as examples of those who lived for themselves and were judged for it, and so it will be for these false teachers.

1.10 Jude 1:12-13, Candidates for Utter Darkness

1:12 These are hidden reefs at your love feasts, as they feast with you without fear, shepherds feeding themselves; waterless clouds, swept along by winds; fruitless trees in late autumn, twice dead, uprooted; 13 wild waves of the sea, casting up the foam of their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of utter darkness has been reserved forever. (Jude 1:12 – 13 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at Michael, who did right, and at Cain, Balaam, and Korah, who did wrong. Jude used these as examples of good and bad in reference to the false teachers. In this lesson, Jude has more comments about these false teachers.

Jude compares these false teachers to “hidden reefs” that have the ability to destroy ships that come too close. NET replaces “hidden reefs” with “dangerous reefs” and in the footnote refer to them as hidden rocks. They further say that “hidden” may be inappropriate because these teachers were anything but hidden in their behavior.

Referring to them as hidden reefs may be a way of saying that they are attending their love feasts, which would include the Lord’s supper, with the appearance of being believers. They eat with them and take the Lord’s supper without fear, 29 “For anyone who eats and drinks without discerning the body eats and drinks judgment on himself. 30 That is why many of you are weak and ill, and some have died. 31 But if we judged ourselves truly, we would not be judged” (1 Corinthians 11:29 – 31 ESV).

As teachers, they were like shepherds feeding themselves. Ezekiel speaks of shepherds who feed themselves in Ezekiel 34:2, 8 ESV: 2 “Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel; prophesy, and say to them, even to the shepherds, Thus says the Lord God: Ah, shepherds of Israel who have been feeding yourselves! Should not shepherds feed the sheep? 8 As I live, declares the Lord God, surely because my sheep have become a prey, and my sheep have become food for all the wild beasts, since there was no shepherd, and because my shepherds have not searched for my sheep, but the shepherds have fed themselves, and have not fed my sheep.”

They are like “waterless clouds, swept along by winds.” “Like clouds and wind without rain is a man (false teachers) who boasts of a gift he does not give” (Proverbs 25:14 ESV). “These are waterless springs and mists driven by a storm. For them, the gloom of utter darkness has been reserved” (2 Peter 2:17 ESV).

They are like “fruitless trees in late autumn, twice dead, uprooted.” They promise fruit but do not deliver. Jesus said, “Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted will be rooted up” (Matthew 15:13 ESV).

They are like “wild waves of the sea, casting up the foam of their own shame.” Like a ship being tossed about by waves, these false teachers toss their doctrine around like wild waves with the result of endless foam on the shoreline.

Like wandering stars, they are like planets that give misleading direction to travelers.

These false teachers, who are twice dead, are destined to the gloom of utter darkness where their suffering will be intense and never ending.

1.11 Jude 1:14-16, Judgment Will Be Executed

1:14 It was also about these that Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied, saying, “Behold, the Lord comes with ten thousands of his holy ones, 15 to execute judgment on all and to convict all the ungodly of all their deeds of ungodliness that they have committed in such an ungodly way, and of all the harsh things that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.” 16 These are grumblers, malcontents, following their own sinful desires; they are loud-mouthed boasters, showing favoritism to gain advantage. (Jude 1:14 – 16 ESV)

With the previous lesson we finished the section about the nature of false teachers. With this lesson we will cover a short section about judgment to be executed.

The focus of judgment began at verse 5 and extended through verse 7. Then verses 8 through 13 Jude focused on the nature of these false teachers. Now in verses 14 through 16, the focus returns to judgment, using extrabiblical Jewish work from 1 Enoch to make his point. Counting Adam, Enoch is the seventh and he prophesied about this coming judgment. Drawing from 1 Enoch does not mean that it is as important as Scripture. Jude is simply using this as an example of coming judgment against “these” false teachers.

Enoch said, “Behold, the Lord comes with ten thousands of his holy ones.” This is not necessarily exactly ten thousand, but more likely a minimum of 20,000, a multiple of ten thousand. The original term is often used in apocalyptic literature to represent simply a rather large number. Whatever the exact number, the Lord is coming to execute judgment on those who have lived ungodly lives.

The main focus of this ungodliness is mentioned in verse 4, is perverting the grace of God into sensuality and denying the Lord Jesus Christ. These ungodly people have taken a stand against who Jesus claims to be and teach that he is a fraud. These ungodly people of the Old Testament, who opposed God, lived in sin and at certain times God’s patience was stretched to the point of reaction. Those reactions were in the form of a flood over the whole earth (Genesis 6:14 – 22), the confusion of language in Babel (Genesis 11:1 – 9), the ten plagues against Egypt (Exodus 7:14 – 11:10), Judgment against Israel in the wilderness (Deuteronomy 1:34 – 40), and numerous others mentioned in the Old Testament.

When Jesus finally came and claimed to be the Son of God, these ungodly people took their stand against him and do so to this day. They nailed Jesus to a cross and they are killing his followers today in various parts of the world. These ungodly people who speak against Jesus the Christ, Jude describes as “grumblers, malcontents, following their own sinful desires; they are loud-mouthed boasters, showing favoritism to gain advantage.” These we have with us today and they have a promise from God that judgment is pending and will be delivered when Jesus comes with his angels.

1.12 Jude 1:17-19, Remember What the Apostles Said

1:17 But you must remember, beloved, the predictions of the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ. 18 They said to you, “In the last time there will be scoffers, following their own ungodly passions.” 19 It is these who cause divisions, worldly people, devoid of the Spirit. (Jude 1:17 – 19 ESV)

With the previous lesson we finished the major section on the immoral character and consequent judgment of the false teachers. With this lesson we begin the final major section of Jude of four short sections of one lesson for each.

Jude reminds those he is addressing of the predictions of the apostles of the Lord Jesus Christ. He wants them to think about their own knowledge of the apostolic predictions concerning the last days by reminding them that they said, “In the last time there will be scoffers, following their own ungodly passions.” Peter said essentially the same thing: “knowing this first of all, that scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own sinful desires” (2 Peter 3:3 ESV).

These warnings were common in early Christian preaching. For example, in Acts 20:29 – 30 ESV: 29 “I know that after my departure fierce wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock; 30 and from among your own selves will arise men speaking twisted things, to draw away the disciples after them.”; 1 Timothy 4:1 – 5 ESV: 1 “Now the Spirit expressly says that in later times some will depart from the faith by devoting themselves to deceitful spirits and teachings of demons, 2 through the insincerity of liars whose consciences are seared, 3 who forbid marriage and require abstinence from foods that God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. 4 For everything created by God is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving, 5 for it is made holy by the word of God and prayer.”; and 2 Timothy 3:1 – 5 ESV: 1 “But understand this, that in the last days there will come times of difficulty. 2 For people will be lovers of self, lovers of money, proud, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, 3 heartless, unappeasable, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, not loving good, 4 treacherous, reckless, swollen with conceit, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, 5 having the appearance of godliness, but denying its power. Avoid such people.”

Jude continues by saying, “It is these who cause divisions, worldly people, devoid of the Spirit.” Paul speaks of this in Romans 8:9 ESV: “You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. Anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him.” To have the Spirit implies that one is born again (Ephesians 2:8 – 10; John 14:16 – 17).

These false teachers, who are worldly people, devoid of the Spirit and thus unsaved, are used by the devil to disrupt the Christian church and even, if possible, to cause it to become totally ineffective. We see that diminishing value in the western church as it absorbs more and more of the world, replacing holy and righteous living that God requires.

1.13 Jude 1:20-21, Grow in Faith and Love

1:20 But you, beloved, building yourselves up in your most holy faith and praying in the Holy Spirit, 21 keep yourselves in the love of God, waiting for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life. (Jude 1:20 – 21 ESV)

In the previous lesson Jude reminds those he is addressing to remember what the apostles of Jesus said would happen when he left. In this lesson Jude gives some suggestions of what we should do to keep from being drawn away from the faith by these false teachers.

So, how can we minimize the influence of these false teachers? Jude says to build yourselves up in the faith. We are to allow Jesus Christ to dwell in our hearts through faith (Ephesians 3:17; Ephesians 2:8 – 9). We are to be rooted and built up in Jesus Christ and established in the faith (Colossians 2:7). We can be built up in the faith through the word of his grace (Acts 20:32) and can strengthen our heart by his grace (Hebrews 13:9). We need to spend time with him in prayer and time in his word.

Jude tells us to “pray in the Holy Spirit” or to pray in harmony with the Holy Spirit’s leading rather than according to our own desires. A good example of this is found in Romans 8:26 – 27 ESV: 26 “Likewise the Spirit helps us in our weakness. For we do not know what to pray for as we ought, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with groanings too deep for words. 27 And he who searches hearts knows what is the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints according to the will of God.”

We are to keep ourselves in the love of God, which could mean either God’s love to us or our love to him.  The latter seems more likely because we have no control over God’s love to us, but by how we live, we do have control over our love to him. When we are born again the Holy Spirit comes to live in us, and since he is God and God is love (1 John 4:8) then his love abides in us. The characteristics of that love are given in Galatians 5:22 – 23 (ESV) and are: “joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, [and] self-control.” Two ways that this love can be perfected are: (1) by keeping his word (1 John 2:5) and (2) by loving one another (1 John 4:12).

We are to wait “for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life.” We are to look forward to the return of the Lord Jesus Christ when he comes to resurrect our bodies from the grave to complete our salvation. We will then be complete in him and will be with him forever.

1.14 Jude 1:22-23, Mercy Triumphing Over Judgment

1:22 And have mercy on those who doubt; 23 save others by snatching them out of the fire; to others show mercy with fear, hating even the garment stained by the flesh. (Jude 1:22 – 23 ESV)

With the previous lesson we covered a short section in which Jude gave some ways for us to protect ourselves from the influence of false teachers. With this lesson we will cover another short section which relates to our helping those who doubt.

Even when we were dead in our sin, God, being rich in mercy, made us alive together with Christ (Ephesians 2:4 – 5). God rightly judged us for our sin and could have let us perish, but out of his love he showed mercy and provided a way of salvation through the sacrifice of his Son, Jesus Christ. This is a great example of mercy triumphing over judgment (James 2:13). It is natural for us to judge those who doubt or those who are not like us, but we are to demonstrate our love towards them by showing mercy. At one time we also had doubt but there were those who shared the gospel with us and one day we understood.

All around us are people on their way to an eternity of suffering in hell and in Matthew 28:19 – 20 (ESV), Jesus commanded us to 19 “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.” We are to do our best to lead to faith those who are close to the fire of God’s judgment. There are others who are caught up in immorality that we should show mercy to, but we must be careful, even afraid, that we are not influenced by those we are trying to restore or bring to faith.

Zechariah equates these stained garments with iniquity: 3 “Now Joshua was standing before the angel, clothed with filthy garments. 4 And the angel said to those who were standing before him, “Remove the filthy garments from him.” And to him he said, “Behold, I have taken your iniquity away from you, and I will clothe you with pure vestments.” 5 And I said, “Let them put a clean turban on his head.” So, they put a clean turban on his head and clothed him with garments. And the angel of the Lord was standing by.” (Zechariah 3:3 – 5 ESV). We are to hate sin, and everything connected with it, but we are to love the sinner and show mercy.

1.15 ​Jude 1:24-25, Who Else but Jesus

1:24 Now to him who is able to keep you from stumbling and to present you blameless before the presence of his glory with great joy, 25 to the only God, our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority, before all time and now and forever. Amen. (Jude 1:24 – 25 ESV)

With the previous lesson we covered a short section in which mercy was seen as more powerful than judgment. With this lesson we will cover the final section of Jude, which is referred to as a doxology.

In the doxology Jude ascribes all glory, majesty, dominion, and authority to God, and reminds believers of what God is doing for them as they wait the return of Jesus Christ. Just as we saw, in previous lessons, as God was able to keep false teachers for later judgment, he is also able to keep Christians “from stumbling and to present them blameless before the presence of his glory with great joy.”

Paul used the phrase “Now to him” in both Romans and Ephesians. In Romans he said: 25 “Now to him who is able to strengthen you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery that was kept secret for long ages 26 but has now been disclosed and through the prophetic writings has been made known to all nations, according to the command of the eternal God, to bring about the obedience of faith— 27 to the only wise God be glory forevermore through Jesus Christ! Amen.” (Romans 16:25 – 27 ESV). In Ephesians he said: 20 “Now to him who is able to do far more abundantly than all that we ask or think, according to the power at work within us, 21 to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, forever and ever. Amen.” (Ephesians 3:20 – 21 ESV). Jesus is able to do all that he says he will do.

Jesus spoke of his ability to keep those, who put their faith in him, from stumbling in his prayer to his Father in John 17:12 ESV: “While I was with them, I kept them in your name, which you have given me. I have guarded them, and not one of them has been lost except the son of destruction, that the Scripture might be fulfilled.” He who spoke the universe into existence surely has the power to keep us and he is also faithful and true to his word and he has promised to keep us.

Through his death and resurrection, Jesus Christ has reconciled, or restored relationships between us and God, so that we can be presented holy and blameless and above reproach before him if we are of the faith (Colossians 1:22 – 23). What a day that will be, what joy when we can come before the presence of his glory.

Without the sacrifice of Jesus Christ every living soul would spend an eternity in hell, but because Jesus took our sin and died in our place, we who believe in him are saved, 8 “For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, 9 not a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Ephesians 2:8 – 9 ESV).

To the only God who is our savior, through Jesus Christ who is our Lord, to him be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority, before all time and now and forever. Paul says, “For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever. Amen.” (Romans 11:36 ESV). There is no one else like Jesus Christ, for “there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.” (Acts 4:12 ESV).

This brings us to the end of another great study in the New Testament. The next book is Revelation but that will have to wait until we finish our study of Acts. That series of study is the gospels, acts, and Revelation. Our second series of study are the smaller books or letters. We have now covered first, second and third John, first and second Peter, and now Jude. Next we will study James. Hope to see you there.

Questions with Answers

1. Who wrote the book of Jude, and why is his identity significant?

Answer:
Jude identifies himself as “a servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James” (Jude 1). This likely makes him the half-brother of Jesus and the brother of James, the leader of the Jerusalem church. Rather than appealing to his earthly relationship with Jesus, Jude humbly calls himself a servant of Christ. His identity is significant because he was once an unbeliever during Jesus’ earthly ministry but later became a devoted follower after the resurrection. His transformation demonstrates the power of Christ and adds credibility to his testimony. Jude writes with both authority and humility, encouraging believers to remain faithful to the Lord he came to know and worship.

2. Why did Jude decide to write this letter?

Answer:
Jude explains that he originally intended to write about the common salvation shared by believers. However, circumstances changed, and he felt compelled to address a pressing danger within the church. False teachers had secretly entered Christian communities and were corrupting the faith. These individuals distorted God’s grace into a license for sinful living and denied the authority of Jesus Christ. Jude’s purpose became one of warning and defense. He urged believers to recognize the threat, remain vigilant, and actively defend the truth of the gospel. His letter demonstrates that preserving sound doctrine is essential because error can spread quickly and damage the spiritual health of God’s people.

3. What does Jude mean when he tells believers to “contend for the faith”?

Answer:
To “contend for the faith” means to struggle earnestly and courageously for the truth God has revealed. Jude is not calling for physical conflict but for spiritual and doctrinal faithfulness. The “faith” refers to the body of Christian truth delivered by Christ and His apostles. Believers are to know the truth, defend it against error, teach it accurately, and live it faithfully. This command reminds Christians that truth must be protected from distortion. Every generation faces challenges to biblical doctrine, and believers have a responsibility to uphold and preserve the gospel for future generations.

4. What characteristics marked the false teachers Jude condemned?

Answer:
Jude describes these false teachers as ungodly individuals who abused God’s grace and lived immoral lives. They rejected authority, followed their own sinful desires, and sought personal gain. Though they appeared to be part of the Christian community, their actions revealed hearts that were far from God. Jude uses vivid illustrations to show their spiritual emptiness. He compares them to clouds without rain, fruitless trees, wild waves, and wandering stars. These images emphasize that they promised much but delivered nothing of lasting spiritual value. Their lives demonstrated that true faith must produce obedience and godly character.

5. Why does Jude refer to examples such as Israel, angels, and Sodom and Gomorrah?

Answer:
Jude uses these historical examples to show that God consistently judges unbelief, rebellion, and immorality. Israel experienced God’s deliverance from Egypt, yet many perished because of unbelief. Certain angels rebelled against God’s authority and faced judgment. The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah became examples of divine judgment because of their wickedness. By reminding readers of these events, Jude teaches that God’s patience should never be mistaken for approval of sin. These examples serve as warnings that privilege, knowledge, or outward association with God’s people do not exempt anyone from accountability before God.

6. What is the significance of the examples of Cain, Balaam, and Korah?

Answer:
Cain, Balaam, and Korah represent three different forms of rebellion against God. Cain symbolizes hatred and self-centered worship. Balaam represents greed and the willingness to compromise truth for personal gain. Korah exemplifies rebellion against God’s appointed authority. Jude uses these men as examples because the false teachers displayed the same attitudes. Their stories demonstrate how pride, greed, and rebellion lead people away from God and bring destruction. Jude’s warning encourages believers to cultivate humility, obedience, and sincere devotion to the Lord rather than following the path of these infamous rebels.

7. What does Jude teach about God’s judgment?

Answer:
Jude presents God’s judgment as certain, righteous, and unavoidable. Throughout history, God has judged sin and rebellion, and He will do so again. Jude quotes a prophecy about the Lord coming with countless holy ones to execute judgment on the ungodly. This future judgment will expose every act of rebellion and every word spoken against God. While judgment is a sobering reality, it also provides comfort to believers. It assures them that evil will not prevail forever and that God will ultimately establish justice and righteousness.

8. How does Jude describe the behavior of ungodly people in the last days?

Answer:
Jude reminds believers that the apostles predicted the appearance of scoffers in the last days. These individuals would follow their own sinful desires rather than God’s truth. They would create divisions, reject spiritual authority, and focus on worldly pursuits. Jude’s description teaches that opposition to God’s truth should not surprise believers. The presence of such people confirms what Scripture has already foretold. Rather than becoming discouraged, Christians should remain steadfast and continue walking faithfully with the Lord.

9. What practical instructions does Jude give believers for remaining faithful?

Answer:
Jude provides several practical commands. Believers are to build themselves up in their most holy faith, pray in the Holy Spirit, keep themselves in God’s love, and wait for the mercy of Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life. These instructions emphasize spiritual growth, dependence on God, perseverance, and hope. Faithfulness is not passive; it requires intentional effort and continual reliance on God’s grace. Jude teaches that spiritual strength comes through a growing relationship with God and a steadfast commitment to His truth.

10. What does Jude teach about helping those who are struggling spiritually?

Answer:
Jude encourages believers to show mercy to those who doubt and to rescue those who are being drawn toward spiritual danger. At the same time, he urges wisdom and caution when dealing with sin. His instructions reveal a balanced approach to ministry. Christians should be compassionate toward those who are weak or confused while remaining firm against falsehood and corruption. The goal is restoration, protection, and spiritual growth. Jude reminds believers that caring for others is an important part of preserving the health and unity of the church.

11. What does it mean to “keep yourselves in the love of God”?

Answer:
Keeping oneself in God’s love does not mean earning God’s love through good works. Rather, it means remaining within the sphere of God’s blessing and fellowship through obedience, faith, and devotion. Just as a believer benefits from staying close to the Lord, spiritual growth flourishes when one abides in His truth and seeks His presence. Jude teaches that believers should actively pursue a relationship with God through prayer, worship, and faithful living. This helps them remain strong in the midst of spiritual challenges and false teaching.

12. What is the significance of Jude’s closing doxology?

Answer:
Jude concludes with one of the most beautiful expressions of praise in Scripture. He declares that God is able to keep believers from stumbling and present them blameless before His glorious presence with great joy. This ending shifts the focus from human weakness to divine power. Throughout the letter, Jude warns about false teachers, judgment, and spiritual dangers, yet he closes with confidence in God’s ability to preserve His people. The doxology reminds believers that their ultimate security rests not in their own strength but in God’s faithfulness. Because He is sovereign, powerful, and worthy of all glory, believers can trust Him to complete the work He has begun in them.

13. What is the central message of Jude?

Answer:
The central message of Jude is that believers must remain faithful to the truth of the gospel in the face of false teaching and spiritual compromise. Christians are called to contend for the faith, recognize deceptive influences, grow in spiritual maturity, show mercy to others, and trust God’s power to preserve them. Jude combines strong warnings with encouraging promises, reminding believers that while error and opposition exist, God remains faithful. The letter ultimately points to the certainty of God’s judgment on evil and His ability to keep His people secure until the day they stand before Him in glory.