Rich Herrmann

A Study of Paul’s Letter to the Colossians

Author: Stephen Weller
37 Lessons
32,700 words, 173 minutes read time

Page Index

Colossians – Christ Supreme and Sufficient

Colossians – Christ Supreme and Sufficient

Introduction to Colossians

BibleProject – Paul’s Letter to the Colossians

Context for Colossians

Paul the Apostle wrote Colossians while under house arrest in Rome around AD 60–62. The letter was sent to the believers in the city of Colossae, a town located in the Lycus River Valley near Laodicea and Hierapolis in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). Although Paul had likely never personally visited the church, the congregation had been founded through the ministry of Epaphras, who had brought the gospel to the region and later informed Paul about the church’s condition.

The church in Colossae was made up primarily of Gentile believers who had come out of a pagan background. They were growing in faith and love, but false teachings had begun to threaten the church. These teachings appear to have mixed human philosophy, Jewish legalism, ascetic practices, mystical ideas, and the worship of angels. The false teachers claimed believers needed additional spiritual knowledge, strict religious practices, or intermediary beings in order to reach spiritual fullness. This teaching diminished the sufficiency and supremacy of Jesus Christ.

Paul wrote Colossians to defend the absolute supremacy of Christ and to remind believers that all fullness is found in Him alone. One of the central themes of the letter is that Jesus is fully God, Creator of all things, head of the church, and completely sufficient for salvation and spiritual growth. Paul emphasizes that believers are complete in Christ and do not need human traditions or extra religious systems to gain acceptance before God.

The letter also stresses the believer’s union with Christ. Because Christians have died and been raised with Christ, they are called to put away sinful behaviors and live a transformed life marked by holiness, love, humility, forgiveness, and thankfulness. Paul moves from deep theological truth in the first half of the letter to practical Christian living in the second half, showing that correct doctrine should produce godly conduct.

Another important aspect of Colossians is its strong emphasis on Christ’s preeminence over creation, the church, rulers, and powers. In a culture fascinated with spiritual beings and hidden wisdom, Paul points believers back to Christ as the complete revelation of God and the only true source of wisdom, redemption, and eternal life.

The letter closes with personal encouragements and greetings from Paul’s companions, demonstrating the close fellowship among early Christians and the spread of the gospel throughout the Roman world. Colossians remains one of the New Testament’s clearest declarations of the supremacy, deity, and sufficiency of Jesus Christ.

Major Themes in Colossians

1. The Supremacy and Preeminence of Christ

One of the central themes of Colossians is the absolute supremacy of Jesus Christ over all creation, authority, and spiritual powers. Paul presents Christ as eternal God, Creator, Sustainer, and Head of the church. He emphasizes that Christ is not merely a teacher or prophet but the fullness of God in bodily form. The believers’ salvation, identity, and hope are completely centered in Him. This theme was especially important because false teachings in Colossae were diminishing Christ’s sufficiency by adding human philosophy, religious rituals, and spiritual intermediaries.

Key Verses: Colossians 1:15–20; 2:9–10; 3:11

2. The Fullness of Salvation in Christ

Paul teaches that believers are complete in Christ and do not need additional religious systems, mystical experiences, or legalistic practices to gain spiritual fullness. Through Christ’s death and resurrection, believers have forgiveness, redemption, and victory over sin. Salvation is entirely accomplished through Christ’s work on the cross. Paul warns against teachings that suggest spiritual maturity can be achieved through human effort or external regulations.

Key Verses: Colossians 1:13–14; 2:10–15; 2:20–23

3. Warning Against False Teaching

A major purpose of the letter is to protect the church from deceptive teachings. Paul warns against philosophy rooted in human tradition, legalism, asceticism, and the worship of angels. These teachings appeared spiritual but ultimately distracted believers from Christ. Paul repeatedly urges the church to remain grounded in the truth of the gospel they originally received.

Key Verses: Colossians 2:4; 2:8; 2:16–19

4. Union with Christ

Colossians teaches that believers are spiritually united with Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection. Because of this union, their old sinful life has died, and they now live a new life empowered by Christ. Their identity is no longer defined by the world but by their relationship with Him. This union also gives believers future hope because their lives are hidden with Christ in God.

Key Verses: Colossians 2:12–13; 3:1–4

5. The New Life of Holiness

Because believers belong to Christ, their conduct should reflect their transformed identity. Paul contrasts the old sinful nature with the new life in Christ. Christians are called to put away sinful behaviors such as anger, immorality, lying, and greed, while putting on compassion, humility, patience, forgiveness, and love. Holiness is presented not as legalism but as the natural result of a life changed by Christ.

Key Verses: Colossians 3:5–14

6. Christian Relationships and Household Living

Paul applies the gospel to everyday relationships within the home and society. He addresses wives, husbands, children, fathers, servants, and masters, showing that Christ transforms how believers treat one another. Christian relationships are to reflect love, justice, humility, and mutual accountability under the lordship of Christ.

Key Verses: Colossians 3:18–25; 4:1

7. The Centrality of Thanksgiving

Thanksgiving is woven throughout the letter as an essential characteristic of the Christian life. Paul models gratitude in prayer and urges believers to abound in thankfulness because of God’s grace, salvation, and continual work in their lives. Thanksgiving reflects a heart focused on God’s provision and sovereignty.

Key Verses: Colossians 1:3; 2:6–7; 3:15–17; 4:2

8. Spiritual Growth and Maturity

Paul desires believers to grow into spiritual maturity through the knowledge of God’s will and a deeper understanding of Christ. Spiritual growth involves steadfast faith, wisdom, obedience, and endurance. Maturity comes from remaining rooted in Christ and allowing His Word to dwell richly within the believer.

Key Verses: Colossians 1:9–12; 1:28; 3:16

9. The Power of the Gospel for All People

Paul highlights the universal reach of the gospel. The message of Christ is bearing fruit throughout the world and is not limited to one nation or people group. In Christ, ethnic, social, and cultural divisions are removed as believers become one body in Him.

Key Verses: Colossians 1:5–6; 1:27–28; 3:11

Chapter 1 – The Supremacy of Christ

Chapter Introduction

Colossians 1 opens the letter with a majestic portrait of Christ’s supremacy and the transforming power of the gospel. Paul gives thanks for the Colossians’ faith and love, then lifts their eyes to the One in whom all things were created and through whom all things are reconciled. The chapter celebrates Christ as the image of the invisible God, the head of the church, and the source of their hope, urging believers to remain grounded in the truth of the gospel that has been bearing fruit throughout the world.

Chapter Lesson Index

1.1 Introduction to Colossians
1.2 Colossians 1:1-2, Initial Greeting
1.3 Colossians 1:3-8, Thanksgiving Part of Paul’s Prayer
1.4 Colossians 1:9, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 1
1.5 Colossians 1:10, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 2
1.6 Colossians 1:11, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 3
1.7 Colossians 1:12, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 4
1.8 Colossians 1:13, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 5
1.9 Colossians 1:14, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 6
1.10 Colossians 1:14, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 7
1.11 Colossians 1:9-14, Our Personal Prayer
1.12 Colossians 1:15, The Image of the Invisible God
1.13 Colossians 1:15-17, He Created All Things and Holds All Things Together
1.14 Colossians 1:18, Christ Is Preeminent Over All
1.15 Colossians 1:19-20, He Reconciled All Things
1.16 Colossians 1:21-23, Our Reconciliation
1.17 Colossians 1:24-26, Being a Good Steward of the Gospel
1.18 Colossians 1:27-29, Christ in You, the Hope of Glory

To Page Index

Chapter Questions and Answers

Why does Paul begin Colossians 1 by giving thanks for the believers in Colossae?
What does Paul mean when he says the gospel is “bearing fruit and increasing” throughout the world?
Why does Paul pray for the Colossians to be filled with the knowledge of God’s will?
According to Colossians 1:13-14, what has God done for believers through Christ?
Why is Colossians 1:15-20 considered one of the greatest descriptions of Christ in the New Testament?
What does it mean that Christ reconciles all things to Himself?
How does Paul describe the condition of people before salvation?
What is the purpose of Christ reconciling believers to God?
What does Paul mean by “Christ in you, the hope of glory”?
Why does Paul labor so intensely in ministry according to Colossians 1:28-29?
What major themes are emphasized throughout Colossians 1?
How should Colossians 1 impact the life of a believer today?

To Page Index

Bible Lessons

1.1 Introduction to Colossians

Paul and Timothy were both involved in writing the letter to the Colossians. Paul was the author and Timothy probably served as Paul’s secretary. We can say this because through the letter we find the first-person singular is used, such as in 1:24, which reads, “Now I rejoice in my sufferings.” It is Paul who is rejoicing. This letter is being written to Christians living in the small city of Colossae.

There are scholars who think that someone other than Paul wrote the letter but their reasons are rather weak and so it is accepted that Paul is the author and probably wrote the letter late 62 through early 63. This letter was written at roughly the same time as Philemon and Ephesians from his imprisonment in Rome. I am using the order of Ephesians, Colossians, and Philemon as I write these bible lessons. All three letters were sent by Onesimus (Philemon 1:10 – 21; Colossians 4:9) and Tychicus (Colossians 4:7 – 9).

It is probable that Paul did not plant the church as Colossae, nor had he ever visited it, though he would probably have passed through Colossae around 54 on his third missionary journey, since it was on the main road from Antioch in Pisidia to Ephesus. The church was apparently planted by Paul’s colleague Epaphras who was apparently from Colossae (Colossians 4:12).

The main theme of the letter is Jesus Christ is Lord over all of creation, including the invisible realm. Our redemption has been secured by him to enable us to participate with him in his death, resurrection, and fullness.

It seems that dangerous teaching was threating the church at Colossae and Paul wrote this letter in response to that threat and to encourage believers there in their spiritual growth. It is not clear as to what precisely the false teaching was about. Colossians is one of the most Christ-centered books in the Bible.

1.2 Colossians 1:1-2, Initial Greeting

1:1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, 2 to the saints and faithful brothers in Christ at Colossae: Grace to you and peace from God our Father. (Colossians 1:1 – 2 ESV)

In the previous lesson the letter to the Colossians was introduced. In this lesson we will cover the brief initial greeting.

Paul begins the letter by introducing himself as “an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God.” Except Matthias, who replaced Judas Iscariot, all the other apostles were previously disciples of Jesus. Paul, who was originally known as Saul in Acts, was chosen by Jesus Christ in a rather unique way. Saul was a brilliant student of the esteemed Gamaliel and saw the growth of Christianity as a threat to Judaism and decided to do all he could to wipe it out or at least reduced its influence.

Saul, “breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest and asked him for letters to the synagogues at Damascus, so that if he found any belonging to the Way, men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem. Now as he went on his way, he approached Damascus, and suddenly a light from heaven shone around him. And falling to the ground, he heard a voice saying to him, “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?” And he said, “Who are you, Lord?” And he said, “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. But rise and enter the city, and you will be told what you are to do.” (Acts 9:1 – 6 ESV). Arriving in Damascus blind, Saul was given back his sight, and in a vision,

Ananias was told that Saul was a chosen instrument of his to carry his name before the Gentiles and kings and the children of Israel (Acts 9:15). Headed towards Damascus breathing threats and murder against believers, Saul now finds himself to be one of those who believe. Jesus Christ appears to Saul and changes his heart and appoints him to be a major player in the expansion of the church as the apostle Paul.

In the greeting Timothy is mentioned and appears to be the one who is recording the letter from Paul’s dictation. Paul first meets Timothy in Lystra, his hometown, and invites him to travel with him. Timothy was the son of a Jewish woman who was a believer, but his father was a Greek (Acts 16:1). From this point on we find Timothy having an active role with Paul in the growth of the church, and now he is visiting Paul while in prison in Rome and is helping in the writing of this letter.

The letter is addressed to the saints and faithful brothers (and sisters) in Christ at Colossae, a small city in Phrygia, a Roman province of Asia. The city was located on the Lycus River just over 100 miles east of Ephesus.

“Graced to you and peace from God our Father” was a common statement used by Paul in his letters. It is by grace through faith that we obtain our salvation (Ephesians 2:8 – 9) and it is grace that is sufficient for any circumstance we might encounter (2 Corinthians 12:9). Peace is mentioned in Philippians 4:6 – 7 as that which guards our hearts and minds. The peace that God gives is not like peace the world gives which is the absence of conflict but is a peace we have with God after being justified, or made right before God, by faith. Both grace and peace are essential ingredients of the Christian faith.

1.3 Colossians 1:3-8, Thanksgiving Part of Paul’s Prayer

^1:3 We always thank God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you, ⁴since we heard of your faith in Christ Jesus and of the love that you have for all the saints, ⁵because of the hope laid up for you in heaven. Of this you have heard before in the word of the truth, the gospel, ⁶which has come to you, as indeed in the whole world it is bearing fruit and increasing—as it also does among you, since the day you heard it and understood the grace of God in truth, ⁷just as you learned it from Epaphras our beloved fellow servant. He is a faithful minister of Christ on your behalf ⁸and has made known to us your love in the Spirit. (Colossians 1:3 – 8 ESV)

In the previous lesson we covered the initial greeting from Paul and Timothy to the church at Colossae. With this lesson we begin the main body of Paul’s letter.

1:3 – 8 is an expression of thanks to God for the Colossians and their tangible expressions of faith, hope, and love. That expression of thanks is in the form of a prayer to God, described as the Father of the Lord Jesus Christ. In this letter we will find Paul putting a significant emphasis on the lordship of Jesus Christ but is careful not to see Jesus Christ as a separate God.

It is believed that Paul never visited the Church at Colossae but has only heard of their faith in Jesus Christ and the love which they had for all the saints. In the letter to Philemon, Paul tells Philemon of his hope to visit Colossae upon being freed from prison (Philemon 1:22). Philemon was a wealthy Christian, possibly a bishop of the house church that met in his home in Colossae.

As here in 1:4 – 5, Paul often speaks of the importance of faith, love, and hope (See Romans 5:1 – 5; 1 Corinthians 13:13; Galatians 5:5 – 6; Ephesians 4:2 – 4; 1 Thessalonians 1:3; 5:8). Here Paul points out that their faith and love is based on their hope that is laid up for them in heaven. Peter speaks of that hope in 1 Peter 1:3 – 5 ESV: “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! According to his great mercy, he has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead to an inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, kept in heaven for you, who by God’s power are being guarded through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.” They have heard of hope before in the word of truth, the gospel. This truth contrasts with the false teaching Paul will later describe as empty (2:8).

The word of truth, the gospel, is being proclaimed throughout the world and where it, it is bearing fruit and is increasing as it did among them since the day they heard it and understood the grace of God in truth. The gospel began in Jerusalem and spread into Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, and likely into Egypt, North Africa, and Persia as well. Since then, it has spread throughout the world.

We learn from 1:7, that Paul did not plant the church at Colossae since they learned the truth of the gospel from Epaphras a beloved servant of Paul. Note that “Epaphras” used here is a shorten version of “Epaphroditus” who we find in 4:12 to be a fellow Colossian (4:12). There in Colossae he serves as a faithful minister of Jesus Christ on their behalf. It was he who made known to Paul of their love in the Spirit.

1.4 Colossians 1:9, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 1

^1:9 And so, from the day we heard, we have not ceased to pray for you, asking that you may be filled with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding, ¹⁰so as to walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing to him: bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God; ¹¹being strengthened with all power, according to his glorious might, for all endurance and patience with joy; ¹²giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of the saints in light. ¹³He has delivered us from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son, ¹⁴in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins. (Colossians 1:9 – 14 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at the thanksgiving part of Paul’s prayer. In this lesson we will begin the request part of the prayer. He prays that they will know God’s will and that God will give them the power to live it out.

This is “one” of my favorite paragraphs in Colossians as it has become a personal prayer of mine. We will take time and work through the passage, phrase by phrase, to ingest the richness it has to offer. As we work through his prayer, I will close our study of each phrase with how I have used it as a personal prayer. At the end of our study of this prayer, we will look back through these lessons and gather into one paragraph the statements contained in parentheses. Paul leads into this portion of his prayer by reminding them that he continually prays for them even though he has never met them or served with them.

Paul then mentions his first point that he asks God to fill them with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding. This is important to Paul because he knows that false teachers are in Colossae offering knowledge and wisdom, but it is false. Paul wants them to have knowledge and wisdom that is from God and his word. There is knowledge the world has to offer but there is knowledge from the spiritual realm that is much superior to that of the world. Knowledge gained from the world is temporal and often leads one astray away from God and even to their death, while knowledge from the spiritual realm leads to God and to an eternal relationship with him. As knowledge is ingested it becomes wisdom that determines our behavior.

Wisdom from above is contrasted with wisdom from the world in James 3:13 – 18 ESV: “Who is wise and understanding among you? By his good conduct let him show his works in the meekness of wisdom. But if you have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast and be false to the truth. This is not the wisdom that comes down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every vile practice. But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruits, impartial and sincere. And a harvest of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.” Paul wants them to understand this difference and embrace spiritual knowledge, understanding, and wisdom because there is where we discover his will, not from the world.

For us as believers, we study the word to gain spiritual knowledge, then we prayerfully think about it and talk with other believers about it and together gain an understanding. We then begin to apply it to our lives and learn to live it out as wise behavior. (Father, I pray that you will fill me with the knowledge of your will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding.)

1.5 Colossians 1:10, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 2

In the previous lesson we cover the meaning of “being filled with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding.” In this lesson we will begin by considering why that is important.

We pick up Paul’s thought at 1:10 and learn that spiritual wisdom and understanding is necessary (1) To walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, (2) To fully please him, (3) To bear fruit in every good work and (4) To increase in the knowledge of God.

(1) To walk in a manner worthy of the Lord – Psalm 1:1 – 3 points out where we should walk: “Blessed is the man (or woman) who walks not is the counsel of the wicked, nor stands in the way of sinners, nor sits in the seat of scoffers; but his delight is in the law of the Lord, and on his law, he meditates day and night. He is like a tree planted by streams of water that yields its fruit in its seasons, and its leaf does not wither. In all that he does, he prospers.” Our walk is not to partner with the wrong people, and it is to spend time in the word of God.

It is to be a walk in which we serve our neighbors with the humility and love of Christ. We are to “be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord” (1 Corinthians 15:58 ESV). It is a walk in which we understand and appreciate the great price God paid to redeem us. It is a walk in which the Spirit directs us: “And your ears shall hear a word behind you, saying, “This is the way, walk in it,” when you turn to the right or when you turn to the left” (Isaiah 30:21 ESV).

Whether the phrase is “worthy of God” or “worthy of the Lord” or “worthy of the Gospel” or “worthy of the calling” they all mean for us to act is a way that fits the great value and glorious nature of God, the gospel, and his calling for us. Does our walk bring glory and honor to him, and do we please him in all we do?

(2) To fully please him – The moment we are born again, we are justified (made right) before God, but we are not fully sanctified and can choose to do things that either please or displease God. “For those he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son” (Romans 8:29 ESV). To then fully please him we must walk in a way that helps or yields to his process of conforming us into a Christ-like image. Each of us begins our life bearing the image of the man of dust, but as those who are born again, we are to bear the image of the man of heaven (1 Corinthians 15:49). It is the idea of putting on the new self, being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator (Colossians 3:10). One day we are going to be like him because we will see him as he is (1 John 3:2). To fully please him our walk is to be towards the goal of becoming like his beloved Son, to be conformed to.

(3) To bear fruit in every good work and – The objective of any plant is to bear fruit. We are to be no different and are to bear fruit in everything we do because if we do not then that activity was in vain. If we are going to bear fruit, we must first abide in the Lord Jesus Christ in salvation for apart from him it is impossible to bear any fruit (John 15:5). If we abide in him, and his words abide in us, we can ask for whatever we need that will help us bear more fruit, and it will be done for us, for by doing this our Father is glorified in our fruit bearing, and so we prove to be his disciples (John 15 7 – 8).

(4) To increase in the knowledge of God – To put this phrase in simple terms, we are to “Do [our] best to present [ourselves] to God as one approved, a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth” (2 Timothy 2:15 ESV). If we diligently study his word and walk with him, we will increase in our knowledge of him.

In summary of this phrase, we can write (so that I may walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, to please Him in all respects, bearing fruit in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God.)

1.6 Colossians 1:11, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 3

In the previous lesson we looked at the phrase “so as to walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing to him: bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God.” In this lesson we will cover the next phrase which contains three items: (1) Being strengthened with all power, (2) According to his glorious might, and (3) For all endurance and patience with joy.”

(1) Being strengthened with all power – Reflecting back on previous studies, we can conclude that in the Greco-Roman world people sought spiritual power through connection with various gods and pagan rituals. They did this for protection from evil spirits and as a means of increasing their wealth or influence in the world. In this regard, Paul wants them to know that he is praying that they not be like those of the world but instead to seek power from God, not for selfish gain but for the purpose of living for God in a worthy manner.

At spiritual birth the Spirit comes to dwell in our hearts, in the inner man and he begin developing deeper roots into Christ to be grounded in his love. John speaks of this in John 15, where we are to abide in Jesus Christ to draw life and power from him to produce much fruit. That power is also needed for love, the fruit of the Spirit, to manifest itself in terms of “joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, [and] self-control” (Galatians 5:22 – 23 ESV). It is this power we draw from him that enables us to do all things through him who strengthens us (Philippians 4:13). That power is to provide us with the ability to be able to comprehend the amazing “breadth and length and height and depth” of God’s riches in Christ. How essential it is that we comprehend the incredible love of Christ that surpasses knowledge. Strength refers to the ability to overcome resistance. Power determines how fast that resistance can be overcome.

(2) According to his glorious might – The power we are to be strengthened with is according to his glorious might. “Might” refers to the ability to do something, which can relate to the ability to influenced, the strength to do something, or the ability to do something quickly. In the beginning God spoke the universe into existence from nothing as a demonstration of his magnificent power. He spoke and the universe appeared, and he stood back and proclaims it to be good. He had the strength to bring it into existence, the power to do it quickly, and the influence to make it good in his sight.

Glorious can be expressed in terms of being magnificent, wonderful, and splendid. Glory refers to a beauty that emanates the character of God. It cannot be expressed in earthly terms but exists in the spiritual realm. We may see little glimpses of his glory, but for the most part we will have to wait until we get to heaven and have our resurrected bodies. The beauty or vibrancy that rests on our material things is only temporal and soon fades away, but the glorious is beyond what we can imagine and will never fade away.

His glorious might is so beautiful and powerful and will be for us to behold when he brings into existence the new heavens and earth at the end of his millennial reign. It is now at work in our spiritual transformation.

(3) For all endurance and patience with joy – The purpose of being strengthened with power from God is to provide the ability for the believer to grow spiritually, to persevere in the faith, to resist temptation and false teachers, and to know the joy of the Lord in all circumstances. When was the last time you asked God to strengthen you so you could better accomplish these things? (I pray you will strengthen me with power, according to your glorious might so that I may attain endurance and patience with joy.)

1.7 Colossians 1:12, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 4

In the previous lesson we looked at the phrase, “being strengthened with all power, according to his glorious might, for all endurance and patience with joy.” In this lesson we will cover the next phrase in which we are to give thanks to our father, who has qualified us to share in the inheritance of the saints in light.

The giving of thanks to the Father suggest a hierarchy in which we have the Father, the Son, and saints (believers). That hierarchy is seen in 1:9 – 14 in the giving of thanks to the Father, kingdom of his beloved “Son,” and the inheritance of the saints in light. We are to give thanks to the Father because he is the one who “when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ” (Ephesians 2:5 ESV). It was according to the Father’s great mercy that “he caused us to be born again to a living hope” (1 Peter 1:3). “For by grace [we] have been saved through faith, and this is not [our] own doing; it is the gift of God” (Ephesians 2:8 ESV). This causing us to be born again as a gift, results in us being “qualified.”

The process of being qualified has taken us from the state of being “children of wrath” (Ephesians 2:3) to being “children of God” (cf. 1 John 3:1). Every child of the Father has special things to look forward to after our physical death, one of those is an inheritance.

This idea of an inheritance goes back to the Jewish people, to whom God had promised an inheritance. Paul is now bringing forth that concept and applying it to those Gentiles who are chosen to receive salvation as Abraham’s children. For the Jewish people, the inheritance was the promise land (cf. Genesis 13:14 – 17; Numbers 26:52 – 56), but for those who are born again it is something else, but what?

From 1 Peter 1:4 we find it is something that is: (1) imperishable, (2) undefiled, (3) unfading, and (4) kept in heaven.

(1) Imperishable – It is not like things on earth that are subject to corruption or decay. Jesus said, “Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and where thieves do not break in and steal” (Matthew 6:19 – 20 ESV). We who have been born again are from a seed that is imperishable (1 Peter 1:23). Out inheritance in Christ is something that is imperishable.

(2) Undefiled – To be undefiled is to be unpolluted, pure, unblemished, etc., but here on earth nothing is perfect. Our inheritance is like Christ, who is truly perfect, holy, blameless, pure; he is “holy, innocent, unstained, separated from sinners, and exalted above the heavens” (Hebrews 7:26 ESV). Our inheritance will be like him and in our resurrection, we will be like him (1 John 3:2).

(3) Unfading – In Revelation 21:5 (ESV), God said, “Behold, I am making everything new.” That which he makes new will not be like things that are new in this world, which eventually fade in their newness and become old looking. Even that which has value in this world, does not retain it forever, but depreciates in value over time. That which we inherit has a glorious intensity that will never diminish but will forever remain the same.

(4) Kept in heaven – Hebrews 11:10 speaks of looking forward to a city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God. Jesus said, In my Father’s house, in that city of God, there are many rooms where we will all be together (John 14:2 – 3). 2 Corinthians 1:22 speaks of us being sealed with the Spirit as a guarantee that we will receive eternal life after physical death. We who believe in Jesus Christ, were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit, who is the guarantee of our inheritance until we acquire full possession of it (Ephesians 1:13 – 14). Our inheritance is something that is kept for us in heaven for us by the power of God waiting for the time when we can come and claim it (1 Peter 1:5).

It appears that our inheritance will include several things, and whatever they are they are they are like nothing we have ever experienced so far. I personally have some ideas, but to express them would limit your imagination and so I will not speculate. I am willing to wait patiently and look forward with a living hope to what is waiting for me to claim.

Each one of us who has been born again and indwelt with the Spirit will share in the inheritance. Paul describes us as “saints in light.” In this context, God has chosen Gentiles and made them “saints” or “holy ones” through the redemption he procured through the sacrifice of his Son. As saints we are described as being in light and that light is the light of the glory of Jesus Christ.

Our summary statement for our prayer is: (Father, thank you for qualifying me to share in the inheritance of the saints in light.)

1.8 Colossians 1:13, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 5

In the previous lesson we looked at the phrase “giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of the saints in light.” In this lesson we will cover the phrase, “He has delivered us from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son.”

In 1:13, we have the action of God delivering us from one place to another. He finds us in the domain of darkness, and he takes us and transfers us to the kingdom of his beloved Son. We can see this as the second great exodus with the first being the rescue of God’s people from slavery in Egypt: “I am the Lord, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will deliver you from slavery to them, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great acts of judgment” (Exodus 6:6 ESV). “Thus, the Lord saved Israel that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore.” (Exodus 14:30 ESV).

The first exodus finds people enslaved in Egypt while the second exodus finds people enslaved in the domain of darkness which is the realm of Satan and the powers of evil. In Acts 26, we find Saul, later known as Paul, on the road to Damascus with the intent to find and imprison believers, but a great light shines on him and strike him down and the Lord speaks to him, saying, “Rise and stand upon your feet, for I have appeared to you for this purpose, to appoint you as a servant and witness to the things in which you have seen me and to those in which I will appear to you, delivering you from your people and from the Gentiles—to whom I am sending you to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a place among those who are sanctified by faith in me” (Acts 26:16 – 18 ESV).

Those delivered from the domain of darkness are transferred to the kingdom of his beloved Son. That kingdom is the same as the “kingdom of God” or the “kingdom of heaven.” Jesus spoke of this in Matthew 3:2 (ESV) when he said: “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” Jesus took our sin and he died on a cross in our place but three days later, rose from the dead to reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet (cf. 1 Corinthians 15:20 – 26). Those taken by God from the domain of darkness, he causes to be born again, which qualifies them to enter the kingdom of his beloved Son. This transfer is taking placed during the church age and will one day be complete. Those of us who by grace through faith have accepted the gift of eternal life (Ephesians 2:8 – 9) have experienced this glorious transfer. This is the second great exodus.

From this verse we can add to our prayer (Thank you for delivering me from the power of darkness and transferring me to the kingdom of your beloved Son.)

1.9 Colossians 1:14, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 6

In the previous lesson we covered 1:13, which was about us as believers being delivered from the domain of darkness and transferred to the kingdom of his beloved Son. In this lesson we will cover the last phrase and consider our redemption and the forgiveness of our sins.

Considering the customs of the ancient world, the metaphor of redemption includes the ideas of setting free from captivity or slavery, buying back something lost or sold, exchanging something in one’s possession for something possessed by another, and ransoming. At the time God spoke the universe into existence there was no need for redemption as creation was good. God took man and placed him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it and he provided woman as a companion for him.

In that garden there were trees bearing fruit that could be eaten but there was also a tree of the knowledge of good and evil. God said to man, “You may surely eat of every tree of the garden, but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.” (Genesis 2:16 – 17 ESV). At this time in human history, man had only one law to obey and if he chose to disobey the result would be his death.

All was at peace in the garden until a talking serpent shows up and strike up a deceptive conversation with the woman and convinced her that it was ok to eat the fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, in fact if you did you would be like God knowing good and evil. She was persuaded and ate, and she gave some to man and seeing that nothing happened to her, he ate and then when the poison of the fruit entered him, he realized his horrible mistake as spiritual darkness entered his soul, and the process of physical death began.

At this point, God shows up again and pronounces judgment on all guilty parties and described some of the suffering they would endure. Then God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us in knowing good and evil. Now, lest he reach out his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat and live forever—” therefore the Lord God sent him out from the garden of Eden to work the ground from which he was taken. He drove out the man, and at the east of the garden of Eden he placed the cherubim and a flaming sword that turned every way to guard the way to the tree of life.” (Genesis 3:22 – 24 ESV).

If this was the end of the story, then there would be nothing to look forward to except physical death and an eternity of spiritual death apart from God. Now that sin had entered humanity through the disobedience of this one man, Adam, all future offspring would also be born spiritual dead without any desire to seek for God (Romans 3:11). But God, being rich in mercy, because of his great love (Ephesians 2:4) would not leave man without a way to be restored. The first hint of that occurred when God made for Adam and his wife Eve garments of skins and clothed them (Genesis 3:21).

The second hint occurred when the two sons of Adam and Eve brought their sacrifice before God (See Genesis 4:1 – 7). Cain brought an offering from the fruit of the ground, but Abel brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. God accepted Abel’s offering but rejected Cain’s. Cain’s offering was seen by God as an offering of works, while Abel’s offering was an offering of faith in the sacrifice of life to cover his sin. Adam’s sin produced death and thus life will be required from a sacrifice to cover one’s sin. The requirement of a life given by an acceptable sacrifice is a concept that is developed throughout the Old Testament and is the development of the plan of redemption.

1.10 Colossians 1:14, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 7

In the previous lesson we looked at the backstory for the need of redemption. In this lesson God’s beloved Son comes into the picture as our necessary redeemer.

From the first sacrifice of an animal to cover the nakedness of Adam and Eve (Genesis 3:21), animals were used as sacrifices to cover our sin. These sacrifices had to be offered again and again because of our continual sin, but they looked forward to a future sacrifice that would be adequate to be offered once. Isaiah spoke of this one in Isaiah 53:7 ESV: “He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mount; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth.” (See Isaiah 53). Then in John 1:29 (ESV), John the Baptist, saw Jesus coming toward him, and said, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.”

God so loved the world that he gave his only Son as a sacrifice for our sin. The Son of God, who spoke the universe into existence, enters his own creation through a virgin birth to take on a body of human flesh. To act as our Passover lamb, the Son of God would have to have a physical body that would live a perfect life and then take our sin and die on a cross in our place. The shedding of his blood on the cross was the purchase price the law required to redeem us from the curse of the Law. “In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace” (Ephesians 1:7 ESV). “We are justified (made right), by [God’s] grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus” (Romans 3:24 ESV).

“The wage of sin is death” (Romans 6:23 ESV). Any person who breaks any of God’s laws is guilty of death. Unless that guilt is somehow removed, death will be forever. That penalty could be removed by someone who has never sinned, dying in the place of the one who sinned. That death would satisfy the requirements of the law. God provided his Son as that substitute, but to become a qualified sacrifice, he needed a body and he had to live a perfect life under the law and then accept our sin and die on a cross. “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He (the Son of God) was in the beginning with God. And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.” (John 1:1, 2, 14 ESV). This “flesh” we know as Jesus Christ. He lived a perfect life and willingly went to the cross accepting our sin and died in our place. The blood he shed was the purchase price required to remove our penalty of death. Through this action, God was satisfied and forgave us of our sins and provided us with the gift of eternal life.

“For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 6:23 ESV). Between our sin and eternal life, was the shedding of our Saviors blood, for “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins” (Hebrews 9:22 ESV).

From 1:14 we can add to our prayer (in whom I have redemption, even the forgiveness of my sins.)

1.11 Colossians 1:9-14, Our Personal Prayer

With the previous lesson we finished Paul’s prayer and now in this lesson we will make it our prayer by going back to the previous lessons and gathering up the statements found in parenthesis. Bringing these together we obtain the following personal prayer.

Personal Prayer

Father, I pray that you will fill me with the knowledge of your will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding, so that I may walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, to please Him in all respects, bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God. I pray you will strengthen me with power, according to your glorious might so that I may attain endurance and patience with joy. Father, thank you for qualifying me to share in the inheritance of the saints in light. Thank you for delivering me from the power of darkness and transferring me to the kingdom of your beloved Son, in whom I have redemption, even the forgiveness of my sins. Amen.

Once you understand the passage our prayer was formed from it becomes a meaningful personal prayer to pray directly from God’s word. I often pray this prayer for myself, but I have adapted it by changing a few words so I could pray it for others. At one time when I taught Colossians in a class setting, I made up 3 x 5 cards with this prayer on it and passed them out to members of the class.

Praying for Others

Father, I pray that you will fill (put in who you are praying for) with the knowledge of your will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding, so that (name) may walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, to please Him in all respects, bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God. I pray you will strengthen (name) with power, according to your glorious might so that (name) may attain endurance and patience with joy. Father, thank you for qualifying (name) to share in the inheritance of the saints in light. Thank you for delivering (name) from the power of darkness and transferring (name) to the kingdom of your beloved Son, in whom (name) have redemption, even the forgiveness of (name) sins. Amen. (Where I place “name” use what would be appropriate.)

1.12 Colossians 1:15, The Image of the Invisible God

^1:15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation. ¹⁶For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. ¹⁷And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together. ¹⁸And he is the head of the body, the church. He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in everything he might be preeminent. ¹⁹For in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, ²⁰and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross. (Colossians 1:15 – 20 ESV)

In the previous lesson we took Paul’s prayer for the Colossians, and we adopted it for our personal use. With this lesson we begin an important section about the preeminence of Christ. Paul lists ten things we will stop and look at. Those things are: (1) He is the image of the invisible God, (2) He is the firstborn of all creation, (3) He created all things, (4) He is before all things, (5) He is the head of the body, the church, (6) He is the beginning, (7) He is the first born from the dead, (8) He contained the fulness of God, (9) He reconciled all things to himself, and (10) He made peace by the blood of the cross.

(1) He is the image of the invisible God – The word “image” first appears in Genesis 1:26 where God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.” Who is “us” and “our?” Looking at Matthew 28:19, we find the phrase “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holly Spirit.” There is one God but three persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He (a person) was in the beginning with God. And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.” (John 1:1, 2, 14 ESV). The Word is Jesus Christ, the Son of God who took a body of flesh to become the Son of Man, fully God and fully Man. In Acts 1:8, Jesus spoke of the Holy Spirit coming upon them. When God speaks of “us” and “our” he is speaking of the three persons of himself.

God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.” To have God’s image means we are made to resemble and represent God on earth. This does not mean a physical resemblance but instead it means similar characteristics like the ability to rule over creation and be in relationship with God and other humans and to exercise reason, intelligence, speech, moral consciousness, creativity, rationality, and choice. If we were able to spend time with Adam before his sin, we would begin to understand what God was like, but once he sinned the image was severely diminished as he took on characteristics of the devil.

Man was made, he was created by God and did not evolve from some lower form of life. This man was known as the first Adam. Several thousand years later the second Adam appeared, not by being created but by being born within his creation through a virgin birth. Using an egg of a woman and the seed of God, the Son of God took on human flesh in a woman’s womb and became the person we know as Jesus Christ and is described here as the image of the invisible God.

As Adam and Jesus were examples of the image of the invisible God, there is one more we should look at. By grace we have been saved through faith. Being saved is not of our own doing as it is the gift of God and is not the result of any work on our part (Ephesians 2:8 – 9). When being saved, God caused us to be born again (1 Peter 1:3), a product of his workmanship (Ephesians 2:10) creating a new creature in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17). This new creature that we are in Christ, is being conformed into his image of his Son (Romans 8:29), or the image of the invisible God.

Adam was created in the image of God, but he sinned and stained the image. Jesus was born and truly was the image of God, and when he ascended into heaven, he left behind those who were born again in the image of the invisible God, but like Adam we sin and the image is stained, but through the resurrection that stain will be removed, and the image will be very clear. Are you one that radiates the image of the invisible God?

1.13 Colossians 1:15-17, He Created All Things and Holds All Things Together

In the previous lesson we considered several examples of those who reflected the image of the invisible God. We will begin this next lesson by considering the meaning of Jesus Christ being the “firstborn of all creation.”

(2) He is the firstborn of all creation – One thing “the firstborn of all creation” does not mean is that the Son of God had a beginning, that he was somehow created. The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit have always existed in the Godhead. What Paul had in mind here was the rights and privileges of a firstborn son, especially the son of a powerful ruler as in Psalm 89:27 ESV: “And I will make him the firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth.” To be made “firstborn” by God means to be exalted to the highest place. To explain what that means, Paul then indicates, beginning in 1:16, the Son’s exalted status over all creation.

(3) He created all things – If the Son created all things, then he could not have come into existence when he was born of the virgin Mary. At that time, according to Isaiah 9:6, “to us a child is born, to us a son is given.” That child that is born is Jesus, “the image of the invisible God” as the Son takes on a body of human flesh. The Son who is given has always existed and is given by God as a sacrifice for our salvation (John 3:16): “God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.”

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not anything made that was made.” (John 1:1 – 3 ESV). “The world was made through him” (John 1:10). By the word of the Lord, the heavens were made, and by the breath of his mouth all their hosts” (Psalm 33:6 ESV). There is “one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist” (1 Corinthians 8:6 ESV). “In these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world” (Hebrews 1:2 ESV).

The “all things [he] created” included those things “in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible.” Included in his creation were “thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities.” Implied in this are the various rankings of angels. Whatever there is that exists, he created.

(4) He is before all things – If he created all things, then “he is before all things.” Jesus implied this when he said, “before Abraham was, I am” (John 8:58 ESV). Also, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God” (John 1:1 – 2 ESV).

He did not just create all things and then stood back from his creation, but he is actively holding all things together. He currently sustains his creation to prevent it from falling into chaos or disintegrating. “He upholds the universe by the word of his power” (Hebrews 1:3 ESV). Following the judgment before the great white throne is the scene described in Revelation 21:1 when the first heaven and the first earth pass away, when Christ no longer holds it in place. In its place, John sees a new heaven and a new earth take its place.

We will break here and return in the next lesson with item (5).

1.14 Colossians 1:18, Christ Is Preeminent Over All

In the previous lesson we covered items (2) through (4). In this lesson we will begin with item (5).

(5) He is the head of the body, the church – The Son of God came to earth and took on a body of human flesh through a virgin birth and living a perfect life under the law, he became our Passover Lamb, and took our sin and went to the cross and died in our place, and through that death he justified us (made us right) before God. The Lord took our filthy garments of self-righteousness and exchanged them with his garments of salvation and the robes of righteousness (Isaiah 61:10). Through his death he also redeemed us (purchased us back) from the curse of the law (Galatians 3:13) and set us free from the law of sin and death (Romans 8:2). As a result, “God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us” (Ephesians 2:4 ESV) was able to forgive us our sin (1 John 1:9) and “even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ.” (Ephesians 2:5 ESV). “For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast.” (Ephesians 2:8 – 9 ESV).

In being saved we are born again according to his will (1 Peter 1:3) and become a member of the body of Christ, his bride, the church (1 Corinthians 12:12 – 31). It is that body of born-again believers, indwelt with the Holy Spirit, that is referred to as the church in which he is head. Just as the husband is head over his wife (Ephesians 5:23), Christ is head over his bride the church, and in each member of the body dwells the Spirit. God is head over us and God is in us. What a beautiful picture of relationship and love and intimacy with God.

(6) He is the beginning – Before anything existed, in the beginning Christ existed: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not anything made that was made” (John 1:1 – 3 ESV). He began the universe by speaking it into existence, but through his death and resurrection, he began the church. He was the first to rise from the dead with all who are born again to follow.

(7) He is the first born from the dead – “Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep” (1 Corinthians 15:20 ESV). “He was the first to rise from the dead” (Acts 26:2 ESV). “If then you have been raised with Christ, seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God. Set your minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth. For you have died, and your life is hidden with Christ in God. When Christ who is your life appears, then you also will appear with him in glory” (Colossians 3:1 – 4 ESV).

We see him as head of the church, but now we also see him as being preeminent in everything. That is, he might be first in rank, dignity, honor, power. We see his preeminence over the universe he created as he now holds all things together. Rising from the dead he is preeminent over all resurrections. As head over the church, he alone has the right to give laws to his people.

We will take another break and will finish with the next lesson.

1.15 Colossians 1:19-20, He Reconciled All Things

In the previous lesson we covered items (5) through (7). In this lesson we will items (8) through 10.

(8) He contained the fulness of God – In Ezekiel 44:4 we find the expression: “I looked, and behold, the glory of the Lord filled the temple of the Lord.” In him, in Jesus Christ, dwells the glory of God, but also all that God is dwells there also because the Son of God dwells in that body of Jesus. Consider you and me as born-again believers who have dwelling within us the Spirit of God, so all that God is also dwelling with in us. One day when we receive our inheritance and have our resurrected body, we will more fully realize the extent of his indwelling presence. The fulness of God was pleased to dwell within the body of Jesus and I believe the fullness of God is pleased to dwell within each born again believer in the form of the Spirit.

Because the Son of God dwells with in Jesus, he then possesses the wisdom, power, Spirit, and glory of God. To say that all the divine fulness dwells in Jesus is to say that he is fully God. “For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily” (Colossians 2:9 ESV; See also John 1:14). We cannot extend this same reasoning to us and conclude that we are also fully God. We are under Christ, he is our head, and that determines a limit on us. Jesus is fully God, but he is under the authority of his Father. We have the Spirit within us, but we are fully under the headship of Christ, controlled by the Spirit.

(9) He reconciled all things to himself – Isaiah 9:6 speaks of a child being born (Jesus) and a son given (the Son of God) and he is referred to as the Prince of Peace. In the fulness of time, Jesus Christ will ultimately end all rebellion against God and his purposes. We as believers were seen as enemies of God and seen as children of wrath (Ephesians 2:3), but through the reconciling work of Jesus we are becoming friends of God (John 15:15). We were once children of the devil and members of his domain of darkness, but we were transferred to the kingdom of God’s beloved Son (Colossians 1:13). God caused us to be born again (1 Peter 1:3) and then we were adopted into his family as his children (See Romans 8:15; 9:26; Galatians 3:26).

Those who are unbelievers will one day be forced to bow before Jesus Christ and declare that he is Lord and under his power to determine their eternal address, where they will no longer be able to cause any harm to God, his creation, and his purposes. (See Revelation 20:11 – 15).

(10) He made peace by the blood of the cross – In all human and cosmic history, the cross is seen as the pivot point. When Jesus stood up and walked out of the grave everything changed. God called forth that which was dead and lifeless and gave life to it. In the beginning, God spoke, and life sprang into existence. After the crucifixion, God spoke, and again life sprang into existence. Before the cross there was death due to sin, but after the cross there was life eternal. Before the cross there was such horrible conflict, pain, and suffering, but after the cross there was life and restoration. The old has passed away and the new has come (2 Corinthians 5:17). Have you found peace and eternal life yet? If not now is not too late.

1.16 Colossians 1:21-23, Our Reconciliation

^1:21 And you, who once were alienated and hostile in mind, doing evil deeds, ²²he has now reconciled in his body of flesh by his death, in order to present you holy and blameless and above reproach before him, ²³if indeed you continue in the faith, stable and steadfast, not shifting from the hope of the gospel that you heard, which has been proclaimed in all creation under heaven, and of which I, Paul, became a minister. (Colossians 1:21 – 23 ESV)

With the previous lesson we finished covering the ten points Paul presented in 1:15 – 20. In this lesson we will consider the effects of reconciliation on our lives as believers.

Paul begins with a look at the past, “you once were,” and then looks at our present, “he has now.” Before being born again we “were alienated and hostile in mind doing evil deeds.” In his previous letter to the Ephesians, Paul also described our unsaved life: “And you were dead in the trespasses and sins in which you once walked, following the course of this world, following the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that is now at work in the sons of disobedience—among whom we all once lived in the passions of our flesh, carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, like the rest of mankind.” (Ephesians 2:1 – 3 ESV).

“But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ.” (Ephesians 2:4 ESV). God was able to do this because Jesus Christ reconciled us in his body of flesh by his death. Our sin had estranged us from God (See Ephesians 2:12; 4:18) and as a result we had a need for reconciliation, that is bringing us together with God.

Our reconciliation is a past, present, and future event. In the past, Jesus Christ died on the cross to pay the price of our sin, and now in our present and as long as we live, he is at work in our lives to present us “holy and blameless and above reproach before God.” In the Old Testament unblemished animals were required by the Levitical priest for the sacrifices. When Jesus Christ brings his followers to his Father for his inspection, they must be found to be above reproach as the animals were.

Paul is assuming that believers at Colossae will continue in the faith and that it will be “stable and steadfast, not shifting from the hope of the gospel which they had heard.” That faithfulness to the end of their lives is essential as Jesus said, “The one who endures to the end will be saved” (Matthew 10:22).

Paul may be thinking about Matthew 7:24 – 27 (ESV) when he wrote the phrase “not shifting from the hope of the gospel:” “Everyone then who hears these words of mine and does them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock. And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that house, but it did not fall, because it had been founded on the rock. And everyone who hears these words of mine and does not do them will be like a foolish man who built his house on the sand. And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell, and great was the fall of it.” He wanted them to build on the solid rock of the gospel not the shifting sands of false teaching.

The idea that the gospel “has been proclaimed in all creation under heaven” suggest that the gospel had spread widely throughout the Greco-Roman world, to both Jews and Gentiles. It is this gospel that Paul had become a minister of.

1.17 Colossians 1:24-26, Being a Good Steward of the Gospel

^1:24 Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I am filling up what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions for the sake of his body, that is, the church, ²⁵of which I became a minister according to the stewardship from God that was given to me for you, to make the word of God fully known, ²⁶the mystery hidden for ages and generations but now revealed to his saints. (Colossians 1:24 – 26 ESV)

In the previous lesson we considered the reconciliation that is taking place in our lives to present us holy and blameless and above reproach before God. In this lesson we will look at Paul’s ministry to the church in Colossae.

After Paul’s conversion on the Damascus Road, we learned in Acts 9:16 that Paul would suffer much in serving Jesus Christ as a minister of the gospel. Here Paul tells them that he rejoices in that suffering for their sake. Paul’s statement prompts a question: “Are we willing to suffer to bring the gospel to others or are we more committed to maintaining our comfort?

Paul’s next statement of him “filing up what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions” is somewhat puzzling. One thing it does not imply is that there is anything lacking it Christ’s atoning death and suffering on the cross. This letter and the rest of Scripture supports the fact that the work Jesus Christ did on the cross was sufficient and requires no additional work on our part. The blood that Jesus Christ shed on the cross secured our eternal redemption (Hebrews 9:12; See also Hebrews 9:24 – 26 and 10:14). We know that the suffering of Jesus Christ was sufficient. So, what is lacking?

That which is lacking is the suffering that believers would experience as they present the gospel to others. This suffering is a daily experience for believers who live in countries of persecution. Paul gives a good example of this in 2 Corinthians 1:8 – 10 ESV: “For we do not want you to be unaware, brothers, of the affliction we experienced in Asia. For we were so utterly burdened beyond our strength that we despaired of life itself. Indeed, we felt that we had received the sentence of death. But that was to make us rely not on ourselves but on God who raises the dead. He delivered us from such a deadly peril, and he will deliver us. On him we have set our hope that he will deliver us again.” In Philippians 2:30, Paul tells the Philippians that Epaphroditus risked his life to complete what was lacking in their service to him. Are we willing to suffer to help build up the body of Christ, which is the church?

This church that we are to build up is the one Paul was chosen by the Lord on the Damascus Road to minister to according to the stewardship that was given to him from God, to make the word of God fully known. God chose Paul and equipped him for service as a steward. A steward is one who utilizes and manages all the resources God provides for his glory and the betterment of his creation. (Stewardship (theology) – Wikipedia). In the beginning when God created man, he gave us the job of stewarding his creation (Genesis 1:27 – 31). We are God’s workmanship, created in Christ Jesus through spiritual birth for the purpose of doing those good works he has prepared for us. We are to be good stewards and accomplish those tasks during our lifetime on earth (Ephesians 2:10).

This word of God that Paul and we are to make fully know is described as a mystery hidden for ages and generations but is now being revealed to his saints. Being a mystery hidden does not mean that it was a secret, but rather time was needed for God to develop the context in which to present it. For example, animal sacrifices were used to cover our sins and paved the way for God’s Son to come and take on a body of flesh and become our perfect sacrifice. It took years to lead up to coming of Jesus Christ and even when he did appear he was rejected by his own people. But now that he has come and made the gospel known and validated it with his death and resurrection, that which was a mystery has now been revealed to his saints, who have been commissioned to go and share it with others (Matthew 28:18 – 20).

We will take a break here and finish the paragraph with the next lesson.

1.18 Colossians 1:27-29, Christ in You, the Hope of Glory

^1:27 To them God chose to make known how great among the Gentiles are the riches of the glory of this mystery, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory. ²⁸Him we proclaim, warning everyone and teaching everyone with all wisdom, that we may present everyone mature in Christ. ²⁹For this I toil, struggling with all his energy that he powerfully works within me. (Colossians 1:27 – 29 ESV)

In the previous lesson we considered the importance of getting out of our comfort zone and being willing to suffer as a good steward of the gospel. In this lesson we will consider why this is important.

The mystery hidden for ages and generations has been revealed, first to the Jews, who rejected Jesus and the gospel he presented, and then it was presented to the Gentiles. Those who accepted it were born again and were known as saints. To these believers, God chose to make known through Paul the hallmark of the new covenant, which is “a new relationship between God and humans mediated by Jesus upon sincere declaration that one believes in Jesus Christ as Lord and God.” (New Covenant – Wikipedia).

The New Covenant is the promise that God makes with mankind that He will forgive sin and restore communion with those whose hearts believe in His Son, Jesus Christ. Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant, and His death on the cross is the basis of the promise. He defeated death by His resurrection and restored life for those who believe in Him, but there is more to this mystery that we need to understand for the word of God to be fully known, and that is the meaning of Christ in you, the hope of glory. God himself, in the person of Christ, will be directly and personally present in the life of each believer, and his presence assures us of a future life with him when he returns. His presence in both the Jew and the Gentile unites all believers in to one body, the body of Christ, the bride of Christ.

The Son of God came into his creation as the Son of Man through a virgin birth, lived a perfect life under the law, took our sin and died on the cross in our place, rose from the dead, setting us free from the bondage of sin and death, and caused us to be born again and in the process entered our lies as the Spirit. Christ the Son and the Spirit and the Father are one God and so it is equivalent to say, “Christ in us” or the “Spirit in us.” Whatever name is used, we have God living in us forever, and that is the important thing.

Christ in us is to give us “the hope of glory.” This hope is the fulfillment of God’s promise to restore us and all creation. It is not wishful thinking, but the confident, expectant, joyful knowledge that we are being changed by God and will one day see his glory as we see Christ face to face, having been conformed to His image (Romans 8:29).

Who Christ was, what he accomplished for us, and his presence in us, we are to proclaim to everyone who will listen. Jesus said in Matthew 28:19, “Go and make disciples,” and to do that we are to instruct believers and warn them of the importance of maturing in Christ, to prepare them to meet him when he returns. God has given to each of us gifts and resources need for maturity and service to him. I want to use his resources and the guidance and power of the Spirit to become all that I can in Christ and serve him to the best of my ability, so that when he comes and I stand before him, I will not be ashamed. I pray that the work I do in study and writing these lessons are helping some in their growth towards maturity. With Paul, “I toil, struggling with all his energy that he powerfully works within me” to encourage others to come to salvation and mature in Christ.

Questions with Answers

1. Why does Paul begin Colossians 1 by giving thanks for the believers in Colossae?

Paul begins with thanksgiving because he sees clear evidence of genuine faith in their lives. He thanks God for their faith in Christ Jesus, their love for all the saints, and the hope laid up for them in heaven. These three qualities, faith, love, and hope, are foundational marks of true Christian life. Paul emphasizes that the gospel is not merely information but a transforming power that produces spiritual fruit. The Colossian believers had not only heard the truth, but they were also living it out through love and perseverance. Paul’s thanksgiving also teaches believers today that spiritual growth is evidence of God’s work within His people and should lead to gratitude and encouragement.

2. What does Paul mean when he says the gospel is “bearing fruit and increasing” throughout the world?

Paul explains that the gospel is actively transforming lives wherever it is received in truth. The phrase “bearing fruit and increasing” describes both spiritual growth in individuals and the spread of the message across nations. Just as a healthy tree produces fruit naturally, the true gospel produces repentance, obedience, love, and maturity in believers. Paul reminds the Colossians that Christianity is not a local movement or human philosophy but the worldwide work of God. The same gospel changing lives in Colossae was also changing lives throughout the Roman world. This demonstrates the universal power of the message of Christ.

3. Why does Paul pray for the Colossians to be filled with the knowledge of God’s will?

Paul desires that believers grow in spiritual wisdom and understanding so they can live lives pleasing to God. Knowledge in Colossians is not merely intellectual information; it is practical truth that shapes daily conduct. False teachers were apparently promoting secret or higher knowledge, but Paul points believers to the true knowledge found in Christ. Being filled with God’s will enables Christians to walk worthy of the Lord, bear spiritual fruit, remain steadfast during trials, and grow in maturity. Paul teaches that spiritual understanding should always lead to faithful living and deeper obedience.

4. According to Colossians 1:13-14, what has God done for believers through Christ?

Paul says that God has “delivered us from the domain of darkness” and transferred believers into the kingdom of His beloved Son. This describes salvation as a rescue from spiritual bondage and separation from God. Before salvation, humanity lives under the power of sin and spiritual darkness. Through Jesus Christ, believers are redeemed and forgiven. Redemption refers to being purchased and set free, much like a slave being liberated. Forgiveness means sins are removed because Christ paid the penalty through His death. Paul presents salvation as a complete change of spiritual citizenship and identity.

5. Why is Colossians 1:15-20 considered one of the greatest descriptions of Christ in the New Testament?

This passage presents the supremacy and deity of Jesus Christ with remarkable clarity. Paul describes Jesus as the image of the invisible God, meaning Christ perfectly reveals the Father. He is also called the firstborn over all creation, not meaning He was created, but that He holds supreme authority and rank over creation. Paul explains that all things were created through Him and for Him. Christ existed before all things and sustains the universe by His power. He is also head of the church and the firstborn from the dead through His resurrection. Paul emphasizes that all the fullness of God dwells in Christ, proving His divine nature. This passage establishes Jesus as supreme over creation, salvation, and the church.

6. What does it mean that Christ reconciles all things to Himself?

Reconciliation refers to restoring peace where hostility once existed. Sin separated humanity from God and brought disorder into creation. Through the blood of Christ’s cross, God provides the means for reconciliation. Paul teaches that Jesus’ sacrificial death opens the way for sinners to be brought back into fellowship with God. The phrase “all things” points to the future restoration of creation under Christ’s rule. Ultimately, Christ’s work will bring complete victory over sin, evil, and death. Believers already experience personal reconciliation now, while the fullness of restoration awaits the return of Christ.

7. How does Paul describe the condition of people before salvation?

Paul explains that before salvation people are alienated from God and hostile in mind because of evil deeds. Humanity’s sinful nature results in separation from God, rebellion against His authority, and spiritual death. This alienation affects both thoughts and actions. Sin is not merely external behavior but a condition of the heart and mind. Paul reminds believers of their former condition so they will better appreciate the greatness of God’s grace and salvation. Understanding the seriousness of sin helps magnify the mercy of Christ.

8. What is the purpose of Christ reconciling believers to God?

Paul says Christ reconciles believers “to present you holy and blameless and above reproach before Him.” Salvation is not only about forgiveness but also transformation and future presentation before God. Through Christ, believers are declared righteous and are being shaped into holiness. Paul emphasizes that God’s goal is to prepare His people for eternal fellowship with Him. This truth encourages believers to continue steadfast in the faith and not drift away from the hope of the gospel.

9. What does Paul mean by “Christ in you, the hope of glory”?

This phrase reveals one of the great mysteries of the gospel: God dwelling within believers through Christ. In the Old Testament, God’s presence was especially connected with Israel, the temple, and the covenant people. Now through Christ, both Jews and Gentiles share equally in salvation and God’s indwelling presence. “The hope of glory” refers to the confident expectation of future eternal life and glorification with Christ. Because Christ lives within believers now, they have assurance of future glory with Him forever.

10. Why does Paul labor so intensely in ministry according to Colossians 1:28-29?

Paul’s goal is to proclaim Christ and present every believer mature in Him. His ministry involves teaching, warning, encouraging, and helping believers grow spiritually. Paul understands that Christian maturity does not happen automatically; believers need sound doctrine and faithful discipleship. Though ministry requires great effort and suffering, Paul explains that he works through the power of Christ operating within him. This balance is important: Paul labors diligently, yet the true strength comes from God. Ministry is therefore both human effort and divine empowerment working together.

11. What major themes are emphasized throughout Colossians 1?

Several major themes dominate the chapter:

The supremacy and deity of Christ
The power and truth of the gospel
Spiritual growth and maturity
Redemption and forgiveness through Christ
Reconciliation with God
Perseverance in faith
The hope of eternal glory
The centrality of Christ in creation and salvation

Together these themes establish Jesus Christ as fully sufficient for salvation, spiritual life, and eternal hope.

12. How should Colossians 1 impact the life of a believer today?

Colossians 1 calls believers to center every aspect of life on Jesus Christ. Since Christ is supreme over creation, salvation, and the church, believers should trust Him completely and reject false teachings or worldly substitutes. The chapter encourages Christians to pursue spiritual wisdom, live fruitful lives, remain steadfast during trials, and grow toward maturity in Christ. It also gives assurance that salvation is secure because it is grounded in the finished work of Jesus. Above all, Colossians 1 lifts the eyes of believers to the greatness, glory, and sufficiency of Christ.

Chapter 2 – Complete in Christ, Guarded from Deception

Chapter Introduction

Colossians 2 continues Paul’s effort to anchor the church firmly in Christ by warning them against teachings that diminish His sufficiency. He urges believers to remain rooted in the One in whom the fullness of deity dwells, reminding them that through Christ they have been made complete. The chapter exposes deceptive philosophies, legalistic pressures, and spiritual intimidation, showing how the cross has disarmed every power and freed God’s people to live in the reality of their new life in Christ.

Chapter Lesson Index

2.1 Colossians 2:1-5, Hidden Treasure
2.2 Colossians 2:6-7, Be Rooted and Built Up
2.3 Colossians 2:8-10, Beware of False Teachers
2.4 Colossians 2:11-15, The Metaphor of Baptism
2.5 Colossians 2:16-19, A Shadow of the Things to Come
2.6 Colossians 2:20-23, Be Alert to False Teaching

To Page Index

Chapter Questions and Answers

Why was Paul so deeply concerned for the believers in Colossae?
What does Paul mean when he says that all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden in Christ?
Why does Paul warn believers about deceptive philosophy?
What does Paul mean when he says that the fullness of deity dwells bodily in Christ?
What is the “circumcision made without hands” that Paul describes?
How does baptism relate to Christ’s death and resurrection in Colossians 2?
What does Paul teach about forgiveness in Colossians 2?
What does it mean that Christ disarmed rulers and authorities?
Why does Paul warn against the worship of angels and mystical experiences?
Why does Paul warn against the worship of angels and mystical experiences?
What does Paul mean when he says believers have died with Christ to the elemental spirits of the world?
Why are human religious rules unable to produce true holiness?

To Page Index

Bible Lessons

2.1 Colossians 2:1-5, Hidden Treasure

^2:1 For I want you to know how great a struggle I have for you and for those at Laodicea and for all who have not seen me face to face, ²that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, to reach all the riches of full assurance of understanding and the knowledge of God’s mystery, which is Christ, ³ in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. ⁴I say this in order that no one may delude you with plausible arguments. ⁵For though I am absent in body, yet I am with you in spirit, rejoicing to see your good order and the firmness of your faith in Christ. (Colossians 2:1 – 5 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at the meaning of Christ in you, the hope of glory. In this lesson we will look at Paul’s concern and struggle for the spiritual growth of those at Colossae and at Laodicea.

In Philippians 1:30, Paul spoke of experiencing conflict. In 2 Corinthians 1:6 he speaks of affliction and suffering, and here he speaks of a great struggle. No matter where Paul is serving, he faces opposition to the gospel, but he continues to minister for the benefit of those who will listen and receive salvation.

He mentions his struggle for them, but he also mentions those at Laodicea and for all who have not seen him face to face. Laodicea was the closest city to Colossae, and he had a close relationship to this church as well as the church in Hierapolis (Colossians 4:13). For all those that Paul struggles for it is his concern that their hearts be encouraged and that they be knit together in love for the purpose of reaching all the riches of full assurance of understanding and the knowledge of God’s mystery, which is Christ. In Colossians 3:14, Paul speaks of love binding everything together in perfect harmony. Love is such a perfect glue and without it, disunity abounds because of sin.

Without the harmony and unity that love can produce, one misses the opportunity to find the riches that are available from the full assurance of understanding the knowledge of God’s mystery. I believe it is the devil’s design to keep people in some sort of conflict so that they will not be able to spend quality time learning about Christ’s presence in their lives and the hidden treasures of wisdom and knowledge he can bring into their life. As I study for these lessons, I find such a blessing from this growing understanding and knowledge I am obtaining. Who Jesus Christ is and what he has done for us is not very well known to most believers because they are so busy growing in their relationship with the world. There is so much useless information and knowledge in the world compared to what Jesus Christ has to offer.

It appears that Paul is emphasizing this importance of gaining this source of hidden treasure of wisdom and knowledge from Christ because there are those in their midst or will be that will present plausible arguments that will draw them away from what Christ has to offer. The devil uses the world in so many ways to draw our attention by baiting our sinful natures so that we miss experiencing the richness of life God has for us to enjoy.

Paul concludes this section by reminding them that even though he is absent from them in body, he is with them in spirit. This is possible because both Paul and believers at Colossae are born again and have the Spirit dwelling within them, thus they are one in the Spirit. Paul tells them that he rejoices over their good order and their firmness of faith in Christ, and he wants them to continue to press on in their faith.

2.2 Colossians 2:6-7, Be Rooted and Built Up

^2:6 Therefore, as you received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk in him, ⁷rooted and built up in him and established in the faith, just as you were taught, abounding in thanksgiving. (Colossians 2:6 – 7 ESV)

In the previous lesson Paul mentions how much he struggles to encourage believers to grow in their knowledge and understanding of the great treasure they have that is hidden from the world and is contained in Christ and is available to them who are believers. With this treasure at their disposal, Paul will in this lesson encourage them claim what is theirs.

The “therefore” that begins 2:6, suggest a conclusion to Paul’s presentation and reminds believers at Colossae, that since they received Christ Jesus the Lord, they are to continue to walk in him. History suggest that Paul did not plant the churches in Colossae and Laodicea, nor had he apparently ever visited them (See Colossians 1:4, 7 – 9, and 2:1), even though he would probably have passed through both cities around 54 on his Third Missionary Journey, since both were on the main road from Antioch in Pisidia to Ephesus. Apparently, these two churches and a third one in nearby Hierapolis, were planted by Paul’s colleague Epaphras (See Colossians 1:7 – 8, 4:12 – 13, and Philemon 1:23), who was apparently from Colossae (See Colossians 4:12). Apparently, sometime after Paul had passed through that area and during his three years stay at Ephesus, Paul and the Ephesian church may have sent Epaphras back to his home area to evangelize and plant these churches.

Having considered this apparent backstory about the beginning of the three churches located at Colossae, Laodicea, and Hierapolis, Paul reminds them to continue to grow in their faith in their walk with the Lord. I must be careful not to push he details to far but let us pause and be reminded that Christ is the Son of God who the Father sent into the World (a Son was given (Isaiah 9:6)) but Jesus was born (a child was born (Isaiah 9:6)) and the Word became flesh (John 1:14). The title “Lord” is used to convey that he is superior to ourselves, and because he is the authority in our lives as believers. Since all Christians belong to Christ, the title “Lord” should be no mere casual title but should reflect the position Jesus Christ has in our lives, in our priorities, and in our decision making. To “walk in him” means we are moving alongside him in unity and faith as we progress along life’s journey.

The imagery Paul uses at the beginning of 2:7 reminds us of a tree “rooted” and a building “built up.” The roots of the tree draw necessary ingredients to sustain it and for it to bear fruit after its kind, like the branch that abides in the vine in John 15:4. Jesus Christ is the vine and we are the branches and if we abide in him and he in us, we can bear much fruit (See John 15:4 – 5). It is important that we be rooted in the word of God because the Word is God and is a living resource for us to draw from in our spiritual growth and walk with him. We are to “Do [our] best to present [ourselves] to God as one approved, a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth” (2 Timothy 2:15 ESV), because if we do not then we are likely to be among those who are still on a diet of milk (Hebrews 5:12 – 13) and not established in the faith as we should be.

Paul reminds them that they were taught how to grow in their faith in their walk with the Lord. He tells them to not forget and continue to press on in their faith, and as they do, no matter what trials they might face, they are to abound in thanksgiving for all that God has done for them.

2.3 Colossians 2:8-10, Beware of False Teachers

^2:8 See to it that no one takes you captive by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the world, and not according to Christ. ⁹For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily, ¹⁰and you have been filled in him, who is the head of all rule and authority. (Colossians 2:8 – 10 ESV)

I confess that in the previous lesson I may have gotten carried away with detail, but I enjoyed it, and some may have found it useful. Having reminded the believers at Colossae to press on in their faith, he now warns them to watch out for those who take them captive by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the world, and not according to Christ (2:8).

Through Jesus Christ, we have been set free from the bondage of sin and death (See Romans 8:2) but looming on the horizon is approaching potential bondage. Paul tells them to be prepared for their false philosophy and empty deceit and not give in to these false teachers.

It seems that at each church we studied, false teachers show up with the purpose of drawing church members away from the gospel Jesus Christ presented and died for to their view or belief. Paul spoke of this philosophy to Timothy and referred to it as irreverent babble and contradictions of what is falsely called “knowledge.” (1 Timothy 6:20). To the church in Ephesus, Paul tells them to let no one deceive them with empty words, for because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience (Ephesians 5:6).

These philosophies and empty deceits are according to human traditions. Jesus referred to these when he spoke to the Pharisees and scribes about breaking the traditions of the elders (Matthew 15:1 – 2). These philosophies and empty deceits were also according to the elemental spirits of the world. In 2:20, Paul will ask the Colossians the question, “If with Christ you died to the elemental spirits of the world, why, as if you were still alive in the world, do you submit to regulations or the traditions of men?

There appears to have been two sources of danger to which the Christians at Colossae were exposed, and to which Paul in these cautions alludes, though he is not careful to distinguish them. The one was that arising from the Grecian philosophy; the other, from Jewish opinions. The latter is that to which he refers here. The Jews depended much on tradition; and many of those traditions would have tended much to corrupt the gospel of Christ.

Because of this threat Paul speaks of in 2:8, he points them to the resources they have in Christ to overcome this threat (See 2:9 – 15). He first points out that in Christ the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily. Christ is the whole expression of God. In his incarnation, and now in his glorification, Jesus is God in the flesh (See 1:15 – 20). This Christ they have been filled with; “Christ in you the hope of glory” (1:27), brings with him the hope of all glorious things to come and includes the hope of glory and God’s promise to restore us and all creation. This Christ they are filled with is also the head of all rule and authority and believers get to share in Christ’s power and authority over every rule and authority by virtue of their union with him. Divine fulness is in Christ and believers are filled with him, and thus they have everything they need in him. They do not need any other teaching these false teachers might have, for what they have is like adding works to grace. In the process grace is destroyed and by their teaching they imply that Christ is insufficient.

We will take another break here and return in the next lesson to 2:11.

2.4 Colossians 2:11-15, The Metaphor of Baptism

^2:11 In him also you were circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, ¹²having been buried with him in baptism, in which you were also raised with him through faith in the powerful working of God, who raised him from the dead. ¹³And you, who were dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, God made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses, ¹⁴by canceling the record of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross. ¹⁵He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him. (Colossians 2:11 – 15 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at the threat of false teachers. In the lesson we will look further at their false teaching.

Paul now draws their attention to circumcision and describes two kinds: that which is done by human hands and that which is done by Christ. He is doing this to show that in Christ we are being transferred from the physical realm to the spiritual. Under Judaism, male circumcision was important as a token of the covenant that was made by God with Abraham. There were also some health benefits provided by circumcision, but it was then primarily used to identify a group of people who were under the law. (Today circumcision is done primarily for health reasons.)

Like animal sacrifices were made as a covering for sin, they also pointed to the coming Lamb of God, who would be offered once to cover sin. Physical circumcision also pointed ahead to the time when God would circumcise the heart of those who were born again. Those physically circumcised were to keep the law, but those circumcised of the heart by God have been transferred to the kingdom of Christ and live in and through him, under his lordship (See Colossians 1:13). This transfer took us as believers from enslavement to sin and death under Adam (See Romans 6:6) to identity with Christ and his righteousness, now having the ability to live for him.

Our old self was crucified with him in order that the body of sin might be brought to nothing, so that we would no longer be enslaved to sin (Romans 6:6). “I have been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me” (Galatians 2:20 ESV).

In verse 12, Paul uses the metaphor of baptism to identify the believer dying with Christ (cf. Romans 6:4 – 6) and then being raised with him in the resurrection (cf. Ephesians 2:6). In dying with Christ, we die to the power of sin and Satan. In being raised with Christ, we are empowered to live the new life God has given to us (See Romans 6:3 – 11).

Paul then looks back in 2:13 to the time when they were circumcised in the flesh but dead in their trespasses while trying to keep the law and were referred to by God as children of wrath (Ephesians 2:3), who were without hope. “But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ—by grace you have been saved— and raised us up with him and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus” (Ephesians 2:4 – 6 ESV). Because Christ took our sin and died on the cross in our place, he was able to forgive all our trespasses.

As unforgiven sinners, we were guilty under the law and sentenced to death, but with Jesus Christ dying on the cross in our place, his death cancelled our debt that stood against us with its legal demands. Those legal demands against us, God took and nailed them to the cross and declared to our enemies that we were no longer condemned under the law. Declaring to them what Jesus Christ accomplished on the cross for us put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in Christ. These rulers and authorities brought shame upon Jesus Christ by nailing him to the cross, but Jesus could not be held by death and rose to transfer his shame to them for their wicked deed against God’s Son, their Messiah.

2.5 Colossians 2:16-19, A Shadow of the Things to Come

^2:16 Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in questions of food and drink, or with regard to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath. ¹⁷These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ. ¹⁸Let no one disqualify you, insisting on asceticism and worship of angels, going on in detail about visions, puffed up without reason by his sensuous mind, ¹⁹and not holding fast to the Head, from whom the whole body, nourished and knit together through its joints and ligaments, grows with a growth that is from God. (Colossians 2:16 – 19 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at our relationship with Christ in our death and resurrection. In this lesson Paul mentions things that can cause division among them and reminds them to be careful and not be sidetracked by them but instead to hold fast to Jesus Christ.

In 2:16 – 23, Paul returns to warnings about false teachers who insist on following human rules and not holding fast to the teachings of Jesus Christ. The “therefore” that begins 2:16 points back to the resources we have in Jesus Christ. All we need for mature spiritual living is found in him by grace through faith and requires nothing in addition to him. As a result, no one can come to us and tell us that Jesus Christ is not sufficient and that we need to do something else to complete what is lacking in Christ.

Paul lists four things that were of concern. The first is about food and drink which points back to the dietary laws, but verse references also include that which was offered to idols. We who are mature in Christ can eat meat offered to idols but the one weak in the faith does not understand that it is ok to do so. As a result, Paul says, in Romans 14:3 ESV, “Let not the one who eats despise the one who abstains and let not the one who abstains pass judgment on the one who eats.” We are not to pass judgment or despise our brother because one day we will all stand before the judgment seat of God (Romans 14:10). We are not to pass judgment on one another but are to decide to never put a stumbling block or hindrance in the way of a brother” (Romans 14:13). “The kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking but of righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit” (Romans 14:17 ESV).

In Leviticus 23:2, we learn about appointed feasts of the Lord that shall be proclaimed as holy convocations but then in Romans 14:15, Paul warns he people not to esteem one day as better than another, while another esteems all days alike. Each one should be fully convinced in his own mind. Those appointed feast were at the time important for spiritual development but now their usefulness has passed, and we should see them as no longer important.

There were other regulations that related to “a new moon” or the “Sabbath” but these things are but a shadow of the things to come. The things that are important today are those things that belong to Christ. Paul spoke of that in 2:2, when he spoke of coming to a full understanding of the knowledge of God’s mystery, which is Christ. Those old covenant observations pointed to a future reality that was fulfilled in Jesus Christ. As a result, we are no longer under the Mosaic covenant and thus are no longer required to observe such things as dietary laws, or festivals, holidays, and special days, for those things were simply a foreshadow of what was to be fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

These false teachers maintain that these Old Testament observances were still important and since those at Colossae were not observing them, they were thus not living holy lives. In addition to observing these things they declared the need to abstain from certain things and to worship angels. These false teachers also spoke of their visions and were puffed up without reason by their sensuous minds. They embraced these things as important instead of holding fast to Jesus Christ, who was the Head of the whole body of those born again, a body that he nourished and was knit together through its joints and ligaments and grows with a growth that is from God.

These false teachers did not stay in contact with Christ and thus they drifted away and became ensnared in that which was evil. As head of the body, Christ provided leadership and was a source of provision needed for spiritual growth for every member of the body.

2.6 Colossians 2:20-23, Be Alert to False Teaching

^2:20 If with Christ you died to the elemental spirits of the world, why, as if you were still alive in the world, do you submit to regulations— ²¹“Do not handle, Do not taste, Do not touch” ²²(referring to things that all perish as they are used)—according to human precepts and teachings? ²³These have indeed an appearance of wisdom in promoting self-made religion and asceticism and severity to the body, but they are of no value in stopping the indulgence of the flesh. (Colossians 2:20 – 23 ESV)

In the previous lesson Paul pointed out things from the past that were simply a foreshadow of things to come and now that they are fulfilled in Christ there is no need to continue to observe them. In this lesson Paul will finish his comments about these things.

Now that Paul has pointed out to believers at Colossae, the things that that are being presented by false teachers that could distract them in their walk with Jesus Christ, he asks them a question to challenge their thinking. He begins by stating a fact about them as believers. He reminds them that in coming to Jesus Christ and being born again, they “died to the elemental spirits of the world.” What these “elemental Spirits of the world” are is not clear. Looking at all English translations of this verse shows a variety of interpretations which implies a lack of clarity of meaning. The ESV footnote gives several suggestions based on various cultural positions (See ESV footnote for verse 2:8). It seems to relate to the spirit world they related to as unbelievers that controlled their lives and their spiritual practices and forms of worship. In being crucified with Christ these believers were set free of their bondage to these demonic spirits to become a slave of righteousness.

Paul now asks them why, if they had died to these spirits, do they still submit to their regulations? Why do they still feel that they cannot handle or taste or touch certain things that were once part of their former life, such as meat offered to idols? Enclosing these three items with quotation marks suggest that those things were being presented as taboo by the false teachers. These items are not important because with use they perish. You eat the meat, and it is gone.

From a human position, certain things have value or are seen as important in the context of self-made religion that unbelievers embrace that enslave them (asceticism) and harm them (severity to the body). Embracing these things provide no value in stopping the indulgence of the flesh in serving self. Jesus said, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life” (John 14:6) and anything apart from Jesus Christ is not necessary for spiritual life. Everything we need, he provides, but even today we tend to ignore the instruction of the bible and his provisions and seek things from the world to meet our needs. The more I study and apply what I am learning, the more satisfied I am in my walk with Jesus Christ. In the words of John Piper, “God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in him.” What is your level of satisfaction in Jesus Christ?

Questions with Answers

1. Why was Paul so deeply concerned for the believers in Colossae?

Paul explains that he was engaged in a great spiritual struggle for the believers, even though many of them had never personally met him (Colossians 2:1). His concern was not merely emotional but spiritual. He desired that they would be encouraged, united in love, and firmly established in the truth of Christ. False teachings were threatening the church, and Paul understood that spiritual deception can weaken faith, divide believers, and shift attention away from Christ. His concern reveals the heart of a faithful shepherd who wants believers to stand mature and confident in the gospel. Paul wanted them to possess “the full assurance of understanding” so they would recognize that true wisdom and knowledge are found in Christ alone, not in human philosophies or religious systems.

2. What does Paul mean when he says that all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden in Christ?

Paul teaches that Jesus Christ is the complete revelation of God’s wisdom and truth (Colossians 2:3). The false teachers in Colossae claimed that believers needed additional spiritual secrets, special knowledge, or mystical experiences to reach spiritual fullness. Paul directly opposes this idea by declaring that everything necessary for salvation, spiritual understanding, and eternal life is already found in Christ. This means believers do not need another mediator, another philosophy, or another religious system. In Jesus, God has fully revealed His plan of redemption, truth, and wisdom. The believer grows spiritually not by moving beyond Christ but by growing deeper in Him.

3. Why does Paul warn believers about deceptive philosophy?

Paul warns the church not to be taken captive through philosophy and empty deceit based on human tradition rather than Christ (Colossians 2:8). He is not condemning learning or wisdom itself but warning against any teaching that replaces Christ as the center of truth. Human reasoning becomes dangerous when it contradicts God’s revelation. False teaching often appears attractive because it promises deeper spirituality, freedom, enlightenment, or self-improvement. However, teachings built on human ideas rather than God’s truth ultimately lead people away from Christ. Paul emphasizes that believers must evaluate every idea, philosophy, tradition, and teaching through the truth of Jesus Christ and the gospel.

4. What does Paul mean when he says that the fullness of deity dwells bodily in Christ?

Paul declares one of the strongest statements about the deity of Christ in Scripture: “For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily” (Colossians 2:9). This means Jesus is fully God in human form. He is not partially divine, a lesser spiritual being, or merely a prophet. All that God is dwells completely in Jesus Christ. This truth is foundational to the Christian faith because only a fully divine Savior could perfectly reveal God and accomplish redemption. Paul also says believers are “complete in him,” meaning Christians do not lack anything spiritually because they belong to Christ, who possesses all divine authority and power.

5. What is the “circumcision made without hands” that Paul describes?

In Colossians 2:11, Paul describes a spiritual circumcision performed by Christ. Physical circumcision was the Old Testament sign of belonging to God’s covenant people. Paul explains that believers now experience a greater spiritual reality through salvation. The “circumcision made without hands” refers to the removal of the old sinful nature through union with Christ. Through faith in Jesus, believers experience inward transformation. This spiritual change is not accomplished by human effort or religious rituals but by the power of God. Paul uses this language to show that true belonging to God is based on spiritual renewal, not external ceremonies.

6. How does baptism relate to Christ’s death and resurrection in Colossians 2?

Paul teaches that believers are symbolically buried and raised with Christ through baptism (Colossians 2:12). Baptism outwardly represents the inward transformation that occurs through faith in Jesus. The old sinful life is considered buried with Christ, and the believer is raised into a new life through His resurrection power. Paul is emphasizing spiritual union with Christ. Just as Christ died and rose again, believers now live a new spiritual life empowered by Him. Baptism does not save by itself, but it powerfully pictures the believer’s identification with Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection.

7. What does Paul teach about forgiveness in Colossians 2?

Paul reminds believers that before salvation they were spiritually dead because of sin, but God made them alive together with Christ, forgiving all trespasses (Colossians 2:13). This forgiveness is complete and comprehensive. God does not partially forgive sins while leaving condemnation behind. Through Christ, the believer’s debt of sin has been canceled. Paul uses the picture of a written legal record being nailed to the cross (Colossians 2:14). The charges against sinners were fully satisfied through Jesus’ sacrificial death. This gives believers assurance that salvation rests on Christ’s finished work rather than human performance.

8. What does it mean that Christ disarmed rulers and authorities?

Paul teaches that through the cross Christ defeated spiritual powers and authorities (Colossians 2:15). Satan and demonic forces seek to accuse, enslave, and oppose God’s people. However, through His death and resurrection, Jesus achieved complete victory over them. The cross, which appeared to be a defeat in human eyes, became the place of triumph. Paul uses the imagery of a victorious king publicly displaying conquered enemies. Christ’s resurrection demonstrates that evil powers do not possess ultimate authority. Believers therefore do not need to live in fear because Jesus has already secured victory.

9. Why does Paul say believers should not be judged regarding food, festivals, or Sabbaths?

Paul explains that Old Testament ceremonial laws and religious observances pointed forward to Christ (Colossians 2:16–17). These practices were shadows, but Christ is the substance and fulfillment. Some false teachers were insisting that believers must follow certain dietary rules or religious calendars to achieve spiritual maturity. Paul rejects this idea because salvation and acceptance with God come through Christ alone. The ceremonial system prepared the way for Jesus, but now that He has come, believers are not bound to the shadow when they possess the reality. Christian faith centers on a relationship with Christ rather than dependence on rituals.

10. Why does Paul warn against the worship of angels and mystical experiences?

Some false teachers promoted visions, mystical experiences, and the worship of angels as signs of deeper spirituality (Colossians 2:18). Paul warns that such practices are dangerous because they distract believers from Christ, who alone is the head of the church. Spiritual pride often develops when people focus on extraordinary experiences rather than humble dependence on Jesus. True spiritual growth comes from remaining connected to Christ, not from seeking mystical revelations or intermediaries. Paul emphasizes that all nourishment, growth, and maturity flow from Christ Himself.

11. What does Paul mean when he says believers have died with Christ to the elemental spirits of the world?

Paul teaches that through union with Christ believers have died to the old system of spiritual bondage and human regulations (Colossians 2:20). The “elemental spirits of the world” refers to the worldly systems and principles that enslave people apart from Christ. Because believers belong to Jesus, they are no longer under the authority of man-made religious rules as a means of salvation or spiritual acceptance. Paul challenges the idea that external regulations can produce holiness. The believer’s new life is rooted in Christ’s transforming power rather than human systems.

12. Why are human religious rules unable to produce true holiness?

Paul concludes the chapter by explaining that man-made regulations may appear wise or spiritual but cannot restrain sinful desires (Colossians 2:23). External rules may control outward behavior temporarily, but they cannot change the heart. True holiness comes from inward transformation through Christ. Religion focused only on self-denial, appearance, and legalism often produces pride rather than genuine godliness. Paul prepares the way for Colossians 3, where he explains that real spiritual growth comes from setting one’s heart and mind on Christ and walking in the new life He provides.

Chapter 3 – New Life in Christ

Chapter Introduction

Colossians 3 turns the letter toward the practical outworking of a life rooted in Christ, calling believers to “seek the things above” and let their new identity shape everyday conduct. Paul contrasts the old self, marked by earthly desires and divisive attitudes, with the new self being renewed in the image of its Creator. The chapter paints a compelling picture of a Christ‑centered community clothed in compassion, forgiveness, and love, where every relationship and every action is brought under the lordship of Christ.

Chapter Lesson Index

3.1 Colossians 3:1-4, What to Set Our Minds On
3.2 Colossians 3:5-7, Items to Put to Death
3.3 Colossians 3:8-11, Items to Put Away
3.4 Colossians 3:12-17, God’s Chosen Ones
3.5 Colossians 3:12, Virtues We Are to Put On – 1
3.6 Colossians 3:13-14, Virtues We Are to Put On – 2
3.7 Colossians 3:15, Virtues We Are to Put On – 3
3.8 Colossians 3:16-17, Virtues We Are to Put On – 4
3.9 Colossians 3:18-4:1, Relationship Rules

Chapter Questions and Answers

What does Paul mean when he says believers have been “raised with Christ” in Colossians 3:1?
What does it mean to “seek those things which are above” in Colossians 3:1–2?
Why does Paul say believers must “put to death” sinful behaviors in Colossians 3:5?
Why does Paul describe greed or covetousness as idolatry in Colossians 3:5?
What is the significance of the “old man” and the “new man” in Colossians 3:9–10?
What does Paul teach about unity among believers in Colossians 3:11?
Why does Paul instruct believers to clothe themselves with compassion, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience in Colossians 3:12?
Why is forgiveness so important according to Colossians 3:13?
Why does Paul say love is the “bond of perfection” in Colossians 3:14?
What does it mean to let “the peace of Christ rule” in Colossians 3:15?
What does Paul mean by letting “the word of Christ dwell in you richly” in Colossians 3:16?
What is the meaning of Colossians 3:17, where Paul says to do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus?
Why does Paul give instructions about family relationships in Colossians 3:18–21?
What principle does Paul teach servants and workers in Colossians 3:22–24?
What is the overall message of Colossians 3?

To Page Index

Bible Lessons

3.1 Colossians 3:1-4, What to Set Our Minds On

^3:1 If then you have been raised with Christ, seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God. ²Set your minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth. ³ For you have died, and your life is hidden with Christ in God. ⁴When Christ who is your life appears, then you also will appear with him in glory. (Colossians 3:1 – 4 ESV)

With the previous lesson we finish chapter 2 in which we considered what it meant to be alive in Christ and we also looked at things that could draw us away from him. With this lesson we begin chapter 3 by looking at the importance of putting on the new self.

The “If” connects us with 2:12, where Paul said, “having been buried with him in baptism, in which you were raised with him through faith in the powerful working of God, who raised him from the dead.” Those who have been raised with Christ are looking ahead to their physical resurrection when they will be where Christ currently is. If that is where they are headed, then they should now be seeking the things that are above where they are going and not things on earth that they will leave behind. They should “press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 3:14 ESV).

After the resurrected Jesus spoke his final words to those gathered around him, as they were looking on, he was raised up, and a cloud took him out of their sight (Acts 1:9), and when he was raised up, he was seated at God’s right hand in the heavenly places (Ephesians 1:20).

One must be careful what they set their mind on. Consider the example of Peter in Matthew 16 when Jesus was explaining to the disciples that “he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised. And Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him, saying, “Far be it from you, Lord! This shall never happen to you.” But he turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan! You are a hindrance to me. For you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of man.”” (Matthew 16:21 – 23 ESV). Peter had his mind set on Jesus establishing a kingdom on earth and removing Rome from power over them, but Jesus had a much bigger and better plan. As a result of Peter not being able to see why Jesus must die and be raised again, his mind was set on the wrong things and as a result he was opposing what Jesus came to accomplish and was thus helping Satan in his cause.

It is easy to set our minds on things of the earth because we can see them. Things above are seen only by faith and are often considered as unimportant. The things on earth are costly to us and are only temporary and provide only limited satisfaction. Things above are free and are eternal and fully satisfying. The things above are holy and righteous, and without sin. Life there is an expression of love as described in Galatians 5:22 – 23 ESV: “joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, [and] self-control.” Try to imagine a life that is filled with these characteristics and not the works of the flesh like those listed in Galatians 5:19 – 21. We are to live on earth now as we will live later in heaven. We are to seek to live that kind of holy and righteous lifestyle.

We need to understand more fully what it means to be crucified with Jesus Christ (See Galatians 2:20) and have a life that is hidden with Christ in God. Isaiah uses the metaphor of a polished arrow being hidden in a quiver (Isaiah 49:2). In Psalm 27:5, David speaks of being hidden in God’s shelter, under the cover of his tent. In Psalm 31:20 David speaks of being hidden by the cover of God’s presence, stored in his shelter. Let us consider some examples of being “in Christ.”

We are “created in Christ” (Ephesians 2:10). We are “baptized into Christ (Romans 6:3). In Christ we have “eternal life” (Romans 6:23), we are “free from the law of sin and death” (Romans 8:2), we have “freedom” (Galatians 2:4), we have “spiritual blessings” (Ephesians 1:3), we have hope (Ephesians 1:12), we have peace (Philippians 4:7), and we find “grace, faith, and love” (1 Timothy 1:14). To be in Christ is to be enclosed by his infinite presence and in an environment of wonderful conditions, like those listed above. Being in Christ assures us that when he appears in the last days, we will appear with him in glory.

3.2 Colossians 3:5-7, Items to Put to Death

^3:5 Put to death therefore what is earthly in you: sexual immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry. ⁶On account of these the wrath of God is coming. ⁷In these you too once walked, when you were living in them. (Colossians 3:5 – 7 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at the importance of setting our minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth. In this lesson we will consider the environment we came from and the importance of separating ourselves from it. We are to “put to death” those things that are earthly in us, such things as (1) sexual immorality, (2) impurity, (3) passion, (4) evil desire, and (5) covetousness, which is idolatry. These things are according to the flesh, and in Romans 8:13 (ESV), Paul said, “For if you live according to the flesh you will die, but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live.” When we came to Christ, we were crucified with him, which include the flesh with its passions and desired (See Galatians 5:24). We are not to present our members to sin as instruments for unrighteousness, but we are to present ourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life, and your members to God as instruments for righteousness (Romans 6:13).

(1) sexual immorality – Immorality is that which is evil, sinful, or otherwise wrong behavior. Any sexual activity that goes against God’s standard written in the Bible is considered as sexual immorality. Sexuality is God’s gift, but it is given with instructions for proper use, and anyone who turns a deaf ear to his instructions, even their prayers are detestable (See Proverbs 28:9).

(2) impurity – “An impurity is something that ruins the uncontaminated nature of something. If someone accuses you of impurity, they think you or your nature has been spoiled in some way by sin.” (Vocabulary.com). Impurity refers to any kind of unclean or unholy living (See Ephesians 4:19). It is interesting to note that if we know of God’s existence and his works but do not honor him as God or give thanks to him, he will give us up in the lusts of our hearts to impurity (See Romans 18 – 24).

(3) passion – Passion may be considered as a strong and barely controllable emotion. Passion is not evil; it is what we connect it with that that can become a problem. Examples are sexual attraction, love, hate, anger, or other emotion. Before salvation, Paul had a passion to wipe our Christianity (evil passion), but once saved, he had a passion for all Gentiles to hear the gospel and accept Jesus Christ (good passion).

(4) evil desire – Desire is like passion but less intense and like passion, whether it be evil or good, depends on what the desire is connected to, thus desire can be constructive or destructive. Is our desire for selfish reasons or for the benefit of others and God? If we delight ourselves in the Lord, we will not seek to do evil, and he will give us the desires of our heart (Psalms 37:4).

(5) covetousness, which is idolatry – Covetousness refers to being “covetous, greedy, acquisitive, grasping, avaricious mean having or showing a strong desire for especially material possessions. Covetous implies inordinate desire often for another’s possessions.” Idolatry is “the worship of a physical object as a god, [or the] immoderate attachment or devotion to something.” (Covetous Definition & Meaning – Merriam-Webster). In our context, covetousness would then refer to a strong desire to have that which belongs to another.

Because of these evils, which they once practiced, the wrath of God is coming. These people are described as children of wrath in Ephesians 2:3. This evil is testing God’s patience and one day he will come to the point of enough is enough and he will pour out his wrath on those who practice evil (See Revelation 15 and 16).

3.3 Colossians 3:8-11, Items to Put Away

^3:8 But now you must put them all away: anger, wrath, malice, slander, and obscene talk from your mouth. ⁹Do not lie to one another, seeing that you have put off the old self with its practices ¹⁰and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator. ¹¹Here there is not Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, free; but Christ is all, and in all. (Colossians 3:8 – 11 ESV)

In the previous lesson we look at five things we are to put to death. They are: (1) sexual immorality, (2) impurity, (3) passion, (4) evil desire, and (5) covetousness, which is idolatry. In this lesson we will look at six things we are to put away from our lives. They are: (1) anger, (2) wrath, (3) malice, (4) slander, (5) obscene talk from your mouth, and (6) lying to one another. These probably do not need to be explained, but we will try to be brief.

(1) anger – There is a time for anger but when you are do not sin (See Ephesians 4:26). It is a natural human emotion that need not lead us into sin, if we remember that God is a God of justice, and we use our anger in a way that honors him. Anger itself is not a sin, but the strong emotion, unrestrained, can lead very quickly to sin. As God said to Cain, “It’s desire is for you, but you must rule over it” (Genesis 4:7). There is a type of anger of which the Bible approves, often called “righteous indignation.” In Psalm 7:11, “God is a righteous judge, and a God who feels indignation every day.” In Mark 3:5, Jesus looked around at them with anger.

(2) wrath – According to the Bible, wrath is synonymous with anger as stated in Proverbs 15:1 ESV, “A soft answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger.” Wrath is a strong vengeful anger or indignation. Wrath is anger with vindictive motives. Wrath often reveals itself in the wish to seek vengeance. In its purest form, wrath presents with injury, violence, and hate that may provoke feuds that can go on for centuries. The Bible describes wrath in three ways: As a physical reaction of anger, as an expression of man’s sinful anger, and as an expression of God’s righteous anger.

(3) malice – Malice is the desire to inflict injury, harm, or suffering on another, either because of a hostile impulse or out of deep-seated meanness (Dictonary.com). Malice is now used in the sense of deliberate ill-will, by its derivation means badness, or wickedness generally, and was so used in Older English (Bible Dictionary).

(4) slander – Slander is deceptive, destructive, and devious. Simply stated, God hates slander and views it as an abomination. Slander is to make a false spoken statement that causes people to have a bad opinion of someone. For example, she was accused of slandering her former boss. Slander is simply lying about someone with the intent of causing others to view that person in a negative light.

(5) obscene talk from your mouth – “Obscene language, silly talk, or vulgar jokes aren’t acceptable for believers. Instead, there should be thanksgiving” (CEB). Obscene describes something that is morally offensive in a sexual way. Obscenity is an offensive word, expression, or behavior.

(6) lying to one another – Lying is to practice deceit, falsehood, and treachery either by word or action. It is the exact opposite of truth. The Bible is clear that lying is a sin and is displeasing to God. Lying is making an untrue statement with the intent to deceive.

These things are practiced by our old sinful nature and are to be put off and no longer practiced. As believers we must work at putting on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator. “Being renewed” suggest an ongoing process of being conformed into the image of God’s Son (See Romans 8:29).

In 3:11, Paul is saying there is no status distinctions among the new covenant people of God, for we are all one in Christ Jesus (See Galatians 3:28).

3.4 Colossians 3:12-17, God’s Chosen Ones

^3:12 Put on then, as God’s chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience, ¹³bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive. ¹⁴And above all these, put-on love, which binds everything together in perfect harmony. ¹⁵And let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, to which indeed you were called in one body. And be thankful. ¹⁶Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts to God. ¹⁷And whatever you do, in word or deed, do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him. (Colossians 3:12 – 17 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at six aspects of the old self: anger, wrath, malice, slander, obscene talk from your mouth, and lying to one another. In the next lesson we will look at the five things we are to put on, but first we should look at the meaning of God’s chosen ones.

In 3:5, we covered a list of things we were to put to death and in 3:8 was a list of things we were to put away. Now we are faced with a list of things we are to put on, such as: (1) compassionate hearts, (2) kindness, (3) humility, (4) meekness, and (5) patience, but before we cover these things, we need to look at the first part of the sentence.

Paul describes those he is writing to as God’s chosen ones who are holy and beloved. Because of Adam’s sin, every person born thereafter is lost in their sin without hope and according to Romans 3:11 – 12 (ESV) there is “no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.” All have sinned and under the law, justice requires their death. Like choosing members for an important special team, God, according to his sovereign will, chooses from the mass of humanity, that will populate the earth, those he wants on his team. Those who are chosen are spoken of as those God “foreknew” in Romans 8:29.

Those he foreknew, he predestined, and those he predestined, he called, and those he called, he justified, and those he justified, he also will glorify (See Romans 8:29 – 30). All of this is possible because the Son of God came to earth and took on a body of flesh through a virgin birth, lived a perfect life as a man under the law, and as our Passover Lamb, he took our sin, and died on the cross in our place providing for our salvation as a gift from God. “But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ. For by grace, you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast.” (Ephesians 2:4 – 5, 8 – 9 ESV).

Those chosen by God are chosen because of his great love for us, and those chosen out of sin are made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. His blood shed on the cross was from a perfect sacrifice and cleansed us from our sin and established our lives as holy and righteous.

We are now ready to look at the list of virtues we are to put on. We will do that in the next four lesson.

3.5 Colossians 3:12, Virtues We Are to Put On – 1

x3:12 Put on then, as God’s chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience, (Colossians 3:12 ESV)

In the previous lesson we spent our time looking at the meaning of God’s chosen ones. In this lesson we will begin to look at a list of fourteen virtues of Christ we are to put on. Those virtues are: (1) compassionate hearts, (2) kindness, (3) humility, (4) meekness, (5) patience, (6) bearing with one another, (7) forgiving each other, (8) love, (9) let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, (10) be thankful, (11) let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, (12) teaching and admonishing one another, (13) singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, and (14) do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus.

(1) Compassionate hearts – Literally compassion means to “be moved deep in your stomach.” However, in the New Testament, it means you have deep care and concern for the suffering and pain of others, and that sentiment pushes you to do something about it. Why would compassion be related to the stomach? One might describe their feeling of compassion with words like, “My heart just broke for the child when she fell.” Whether you refer to the heart or a feeling in the stomach, you are trying to describe the depth of your emotion. Jesus saw the great multitude and was moved with compassion for them because of their hunger and he fed them and healed their sick (See Matthew 14:13 – 21). A compassionate heart not only has feeling, but like in the case of Jesus, that feeling reaches out to meet a need.

(2) Kindness – Kindness is selfless, compassionate, and merciful with its greatest power revealed in practice to our enemies and amongst the least of these. Kindness is related to the compassionate heart and is more than just a feeling, it also requires an action. Jesus said, “love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return, and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil.” (Luke 6:35 ESV). Jesus said through means of a parable, “as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me” (Matthew 25:40 ESV). Kindness is to be shown to the needy (See Proverbs 14:21).

(3) Humility – “Biblical humility means believing what God says about you over anyone else’s opinion, including your own. It requires embracing who you are in Christ over who you are in the flesh. To be biblically humble is to be so free of concern for your own ego that you unreservedly elevate those around you.” (Google search). Godly humility is being comfortable with who you are in the Lord and therefore, putting others first. Humility does not imply weakness, but in many ways, it is revealed in strength in the Bible. “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble” (James 4:6 ESV). Humility leads to grace which leads to our salvation, for by grace through faith we are saved.

(4) Meekness – “Meekness is essentially an attitude or quality of heart whereby a person is willing to accept and submit without resistance to the will and desire of someone else.” (Google search). According to Jesus, “To be meek was to be desperately poor, wretched (even Jesus is called wretched in Isaiah 53:2-3!), weak and needy. Without God’s day-to-day miraculous intervention in their lives, these meek ones would waste away and die. They owned nothing of the earth.” (https://www.deseret.com). “Meekness is humility toward God and toward others. It is having the right or the power to do something but refraining for the benefit of someone else.” (https://www.gotquestions.org/blessed-are-the-meek.html). A Google search yields many good definitions of meekness.

(5) Patience – Looking at English translations of James 1:3, we find that the testing of our faith produces either “patience” or “endurance.” One can therefore conclude that these two words must go together. One must be patient to allow time for endurance to develop, as in physical training. “The quality or virtue of patience is presented as either forbearance or endurance. In the former sense it is a quality of self-restraint or of not giving way to anger, even in the face of provocation; it is attributed to both God and man and is closely related to mercy and compassion.” (https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/patience-bible). Patience spiritually is accepting that everything is already what it needs to be for your own purpose in life. If we are impatient then this is a sign that we are too busy wanting and desiring. When we free ourselves from want and desire then we have little to be impatient about because we accept that everything is already as it needs to be. (https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-spiritual-definition-of-patience).x

3.6 Colossians 3:13-14, Virtues We Are to Put On – 2

^3:13 bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive. ¹⁴And above all these, put-on love, which binds everything together in perfect harmony. (Colossians 3:13 – 14 ESV)

In the previous lesson we looked at the first five virtues. In this lesson we will look at the next three.

(6) bearing with one another – To bear with another implies a kind of relationship, like being patient, or expressing love, or sharing with a burden, or supporting another in helpful ways. To bear is to endure something that is unpleasant or difficult, especially with someone you do not like or is in some way seen as an enemy.

(7) forgiving each other – In his letter to the Ephesians, Paul told them to “Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you.” (Ephesians 4:32 ESV). In the Lord’s prayer, Jesus said, “Forgive us our sins as we have forgiven those who sin against us” (Matthew 6:12 (NLT). Other translations replace “sin” with debts (ESV), or trespasses (NMB). If our heart is hardened against someone and we are not willing to forgive, then God is not obligated to forgive us. An example of this when the master of a slave forgave him an enormous debt but then the slave would not forgive a fellow slave a small debt, the master took the forgiven slave and put him in prison until he could repay his debt that was initially forgiven (See Matthew 18:21 – 35).

Having ministered in Asia I have seen persecution up close and have had the opportunity to talk with people who have suffered much at the hands of their enemy. I have learned from those who were willing to surrender their need of justice to God that he enabled them to love and forgive even those who torture them and become an effective witness before them and in some cases this loving witness before their persecutors has led them to salvation. Jesus said, “love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you” (Matthew 5:44 ESV).

(8) put on love – Under the previous point about forgiveness, we looked at how surrendering the need of justice to God that he enabled them to love and forgive their enemies. That love that we are to “put on” is given to us when we are born spiritually. At that time the Spirit comes to permanently live within us and he brings with him his fruit which is “love.” That love is not a feeling or affectionate love but is a sacrificial loved like the love Jesus Christ demonstrated towards us when he was willing to die in our place on the cross to purchase our salvation. That love is “put on” by living out the characteristics of love described in Galatians 5:22 – 23 (ESV): “joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, [and] self-control.” We do not have to live out these characteristics with our own strength. God will enable us to, under any condition, to respond appropriately. This God enabled behavior is one thing that sets a believer apart from those of unbelief. To live in this way indicates our willingness to suffer in our walk with the Lord.

3.7 Colossians 3:15, Virtues We Are to Put On – 3

^3:15 And let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, to which indeed you were called in one body. And be thankful. (Colossians 3:15 ESV)

In the previous lesson we covered virtues 6 through 8. In this lesson we will cover the next two.

(9) let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts – As we forgive those who cause us to suffer and show sacrificial love towards them, the “peace of Christ” will rule in our hearts. This is possible since “peace” is a characteristic of love. Let us consider a very practical example of when we need peace and its benefit. We both have experienced times, possibly way too frequent, when we felt overwhelmed with anxiety. When anxiety begins to fill us with its poison, it should remind us of what Paul told believers at Philippi to do. He said, “do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.” (Philippians 4:6 – 7 ESV).

As one makes a habit of practicing this promise, it becomes a very effective and powerful tool to help us through some seemingly impossible situations. I know because I speak from personal experience when I faced several seemingly impossible situations during my time in Asia, but as I brought these situations to God in prayer, he provided in ways beyond my imagination to see me through them. His response always took some time and during that time I experienced “the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding,” a peace that protected my heart and my mind from the poison of worry.

The “peace of Christ” exists within each of us who are born again and have God’s love within provided by his Spirit. We need to spend more time learning about what God has provided for us to use and practice using those provisions to an increasing efficiency.

(10) be thankful – “give thanks in all circumstances; for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus for you” (1 Thessalonians 5:16-18 ESV). Notice the phrase “in all circumstances.” Paul is not saying that we should give thanks for everything that happens, but during any trial we as believers have things, we can give thanks for. If we are being tortured for our faith, we can be thankful that God is with us and that we are saved. Being thankful in all situations helps us develop our trust in God and helps us to be humble. “Oh, give thanks to the LORD, for He is good; for His steadfast love endures forever!” (1 Chronicle 16:34 ESV). While much of our gratitude is related to positive experience, we must learn to appreciate the good and the bad but thanking God in difficult situations can also help us appreciate the good times more.

3.8 Colossians 3:16-17, Virtues We Are to Put On – 4

^3:16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts to God. ¹⁷And whatever you do, in word or deed, do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him. (Colossians 3:16 – 17 ESV)

In the previous lesson we covered virtues 9 and 10. In this lesson we will cover the final four.

(11) Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly – This would describe people so full of the word of God that their entire being is affected. Their hearts are full of joy; their minds are flooded with wisdom and understanding; and their mouths are singing songs to the Lord. The word of Christ is rich with life since it affords us eternity. So let the word of Christ dwell in you richly. Not meagerly or momentarily. We must allow the Word of God to live in us and have a home in our hearts and minds.

(12) Teaching and admonishing one another – “Study to show yourself approved by God, a workman who need not be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth” (2 Timothy 2:15 MEV). As we learn the word, we are to use it to teach and admonish one another. The difference between teaching and admonishing is that instruct is to teach or direct; to give instructions while admonish is to warn or notify of a fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to exhort.

(13) Singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs – In Ephesians 5:19 (ESV), Paul rephrases this statement and said, “addressing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody to the Lord with your heart.” Just as important as teaching and admonishing one another is, it is also important that we assemble to sing together for our enjoyment and the Lord’s. The psalms and hymns and spiritual songs may refer to different kinds of music found in the Old Testament, but it seems more likely that Paul is referring to singing the Psalms of the Old Testament and to contemporary compositions.

(14) Do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus – “There is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved” (Acts 4:12 ESV), and that is the name that we are to honor in whatever we do, whether it is by what we say or by our behavior, and no matter how difficult the circumstance might become, always give thanks to the Father through that name.

3.9 Colossians 3:18-4:1, Relationship Rules

^3:18 Wives, submit to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord. ¹⁹Husbands, love your wives, and do not be harsh with them. ²⁰Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord. ²¹Fathers, do not provoke your children, lest they become discouraged. ²²Bondservants, obey in everything those who are your earthly masters, not by way of eye-service, as people-pleasers, but with sincerity of heart, fearing the Lord. ²³Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men, ²⁴knowing that from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your reward. You are serving the Lord Christ. ²⁵For the wrongdoer will be paid back for the wrong he has done, and there is no partiality.

^4:1 Masters, treat your bondservants justly and fairly, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven. (Colossians 3:18 – 4:1 ESV)

In the previous lesson we finish covering the fourteen virtues of Christ that we are to put on. With this lesson we will cover a short section on the rules for Christian households.

If you have been following these lessons, you will remember we started covering this same material on January 5 when we covered Ephesians 5:22 – 6:9 in lessons E33 through E36. Lesson E33 can be opened with the link (anchormyfaith.com/blog/e33). Lessons E34 through E36 can be reached by changing the lesson number in the link. Since 3:18 – 22 have been covered there, we will only make summary statements here.

First the wife is told to submit to her own husband (3:18) and then the husband is told to love his wife in return (3:19). It is so important that there be a balance between this submission and love, for without it there may be abuse. The wife is to submit to her husband and can do so without fear if he loves her with a sacrificial love, just as he is to submit to the Lord because of his sacrificial love for him. The husband must purchase his wife’s submission with his sacrificial love just as Christ did to receive ours.

The wife is to submit and respect her husband, the husband is to sacrificially love his wife, and children are to obey their parents. In our Ephesians study we looked at what obey “in everything” meant and we also looked at what the parents were to be like. Because of sin, parents do not always parent as they should. This is brought out in 3:21 by the statement “Fathers, do not provoke your children, lest they become discouraged.”

Bondservants, like children, are to obey. Again, is the issue of the meaning of “in everything” and the fairness of the master. Even under difficult situations the servant, or in our case employee, is to do the work with a sincere heart for the correct reasons as unto the Lord because we will all face a time of judgment by the Lord. Servants and we are to work as though we were working for the Lord, to please him and not men. If we work to please men, the reward we seek is only temporary, but if we work to please the Lord, then our reward will be contained in our inheritance. If we do not serve as we should, we can expect like payback from the Lord and without partiality.

As with fathers, masters were warned to treat those under their authority justly and fairly, knowing that they also have a Master in heaven who is monitoring the treatment of those under their authority.

Questions with Answers

1. What does Paul mean when he says believers have been “raised with Christ” in Colossians 3:1?

Paul teaches that salvation is not merely a future promise but a present spiritual reality. Through faith in Christ, believers are united with Him in His death and resurrection. Because Christ rose from the dead, those who belong to Him now share in a new spiritual life. The old life ruled by sin, worldly desires, and separation from God has been replaced by a new identity centered in Christ. Being “raised with Christ” means believers are called to live with new priorities, new desires, and a new direction. Instead of being consumed with earthly values, they are to seek “the things above,” meaning the purposes, character, and kingdom of God. Paul is reminding Christians that their spiritual position should transform their daily conduct.

2. What does it mean to “seek those things which are above” in Colossians 3:1–2?

To seek the things above means to pursue the values and priorities of Christ rather than the sinful patterns of the world. Paul is not telling believers to ignore earthly responsibilities, but he is teaching them to live from a heavenly perspective. A believer’s mind should be shaped by God’s truth, eternal realities, holiness, and obedience. This includes setting the heart on worship, prayer, Scripture, love, forgiveness, purity, and faithful service. It means evaluating life through the lens of eternity instead of temporary earthly gain. When a believer focuses on Christ’s kingdom, earthly temptations lose much of their power, and spiritual growth becomes more evident.

3. Why does Paul say believers must “put to death” sinful behaviors in Colossians 3:5?

Paul uses strong language because sin is dangerous and destructive. The phrase “put to death” shows that believers must actively reject sinful attitudes and actions rather than tolerate them. The old sinful nature continually fights against the new life in Christ, so Christians must deal seriously with temptation. Paul specifically mentions sins such as immorality, impurity, evil desires, greed, anger, slander, and lying because these behaviors destroy fellowship with God and harm relationships with others. Christians cannot grow spiritually while allowing sinful habits to control their lives. Through the power of the Holy Spirit, believers are called to continually turn away from sin and pursue holiness.

4. Why does Paul describe greed or covetousness as idolatry in Colossians 3:5?

Covetousness becomes idolatry because it places something other than God at the center of a person’s heart. Greed is not merely wanting more possessions; it reflects a deeper spiritual problem where material things, status, pleasure, or personal desires become objects of trust and devotion. Idolatry occurs whenever something takes the place that belongs to God alone. A greedy person looks to possessions or achievements for satisfaction, security, or meaning instead of relying on God. Paul warns that such misplaced worship draws the heart away from true devotion to Christ and leads to spiritual emptiness.

5. What is the significance of the “old man” and the “new man” in Colossians 3:9–10?

The “old man” refers to the believer’s former life before salvation — a life controlled by sin, selfishness, and rebellion against God. The “new man” describes the transformed life that comes through union with Christ. Salvation changes not only a person’s destiny but also their identity. Christians are being renewed into the image of their Creator, meaning they are gradually becoming more like Christ in character, attitude, and conduct. Paul emphasizes that the Christian life is not simply about external religious behavior; it is about inward transformation that produces outward change. The believer’s new identity should be visible in speech, actions, relationships, and daily living.

6. What does Paul teach about unity among believers in Colossians 3:11?

Paul explains that in Christ, earthly distinctions no longer define a person’s spiritual worth or standing before God. Ethnicity, nationality, social status, education, and background do not divide believers because Christ is “all, and in all.” The gospel creates a new spiritual family where every believer shares equal access to God through Christ. This truth promotes humility, love, and unity within the church. Christians are called to look beyond worldly divisions and recognize their shared identity as members of the body of Christ. The church becomes a testimony to God’s grace when believers from different backgrounds live together in peace and love.

7. Why does Paul instruct believers to clothe themselves with compassion, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience in Colossians 3:12?

Paul uses the image of clothing to show that Christian character should be visible and recognizable. Just as clothing covers the body, godly attitudes should shape the believer’s entire way of life. Compassion reflects Christ’s mercy toward others. Kindness demonstrates practical love. Humility guards against pride and selfish ambition. Meekness shows strength under control, while patience allows believers to endure difficulties and imperfections in others without bitterness. These qualities are not natural to fallen humanity; they are evidence of Christ working within a believer. Paul teaches that the Christian life should display the character of Jesus in everyday relationships.

8. Why is forgiveness so important according to Colossians 3:13?

Forgiveness is central to the Christian life because believers themselves have been forgiven by Christ. Paul teaches that Christians should extend the same grace to others that God has shown to them. Holding onto bitterness damages relationships, weakens spiritual growth, and hinders fellowship with God. Forgiveness does not ignore sin or pretend wrongs never happened, but it releases the desire for revenge and entrusts justice to God. When believers forgive, they reflect the mercy and love of Christ. Forgiveness also preserves unity within the church and demonstrates the transforming power of the gospel.

9. Why does Paul say love is the “bond of perfection” in Colossians 3:14?

Love is the virtue that holds all other Christian qualities together in harmony. A person may appear kind, patient, or humble outwardly, but without genuine love those actions lose their spiritual value. Biblical love seeks the good of others and reflects God’s own nature. Love unites believers, strengthens relationships, and promotes peace within the church. It is called the “bond of perfection” because it completes and strengthens Christian maturity. Love is the evidence that Christ truly rules in the believer’s heart.

10. What does it mean to let “the peace of Christ rule” in Colossians 3:15?

The peace of Christ refers to the inner stability, confidence, and unity that come from being reconciled to God through Jesus. To let Christ’s peace “rule” means allowing His peace to guide decisions, attitudes, and relationships. The word “rule” carries the idea of an umpire or judge directing actions. When believers submit to Christ, His peace guards their hearts against fear, division, anxiety, and conflict. This peace also strengthens unity within the body of Christ because believers are called together into one spiritual family.

11. What does Paul mean by letting “the word of Christ dwell in you richly” in Colossians 3:16?

Paul teaches that God’s Word should deeply fill and influence every part of a believer’s life. Scripture is not meant to be occasional or superficial knowledge; it is meant to shape thoughts, decisions, worship, and conduct. When the Word dwells richly within believers, it produces wisdom, encouragement, correction, and spiritual maturity. Paul connects this with teaching, admonishing, singing psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs because worship and fellowship help believers strengthen one another in truth. A church centered on God’s Word becomes spiritually healthy and unified.

12. What is the meaning of Colossians 3:17, where Paul says to do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus?

To do something in the name of Jesus means to act under His authority and in a way that honors Him. Paul teaches that every part of life, work, speech, relationships, worship, and daily responsibilities, should reflect devotion to Christ. Christianity is not limited to church activities or religious rituals; Christ is to be Lord over every aspect of life. Believers should ask whether their actions represent Christ faithfully and bring glory to God. Living in Jesus’ name transforms ordinary activities into acts of worship and service.

13. Why does Paul give instructions about family relationships in Colossians 3:18–21?

Paul shows that the gospel transforms not only individual hearts but also family relationships. Wives, husbands, children, and fathers are all instructed to relate to one another in ways that reflect Christ’s love and authority. Husbands are called to love sacrificially and avoid harshness. Children are instructed to obey their parents in the Lord. Fathers are warned not to discourage or provoke their children. Paul emphasizes mutual responsibility and godly character within the home. The Christian family should become a living testimony of God’s order, love, patience, and grace.

14. What principle does Paul teach servants and workers in Colossians 3:22–24?

Paul teaches that believers should work sincerely and faithfully, not merely to impress human authorities, but as servants of Christ Himself. Christians are to work with integrity whether others are watching or not because God sees every action. Work becomes an act of worship when done for the glory of God. Paul encourages believers by reminding them that their ultimate reward comes from the Lord, not merely from earthly recognition or payment. This transforms ordinary labor into meaningful service for Christ.

15. What is the overall message of Colossians 3?

Colossians 3 teaches that believers who belong to Christ must live transformed lives that reflect their new identity in Him. Because Christians have died and risen with Christ, they are called to reject sinful behavior and pursue holiness, love, peace, and obedience. The chapter emphasizes inward renewal, unity within the church, Christ-centered relationships, faithful work, and daily living shaped by God’s Word. The central message is that Christ changes every area of life, and believers are to display His character in their thoughts, attitudes, words, and actions.

Chapter 4 – Prayerful Living and Wise Witness

Chapter Introduction

Colossians 4 closes the letter with a warm, practical emphasis on prayer, wisdom, and faithful ministry. Paul urges believers to remain steadfast in prayer and to walk wisely toward outsiders, letting their speech be gracious and seasoned with truth. The chapter also highlights the beauty of gospel partnership as Paul commends a diverse group of coworkers, reminding the church that the mission of Christ is carried forward through ordinary believers who serve, encourage, and persevere together.

Chapter Lesson Index

4.1 Colossians 4:2-4, Pray Being Watchful with Thanksgiving
4.2 Colossians 4:5-6, Walk in Wisdom
4.3 Colossians 4:7-13, Final Greeting – 1
4.4 Colossians 4:14-19, Final Greeting – 2

To Page Index

Chapter Questions and Answers

Why does Paul begin Colossians 4 by addressing masters, and what principle is he teaching?
Why does Paul place such strong emphasis on prayer in this chapter?
What does Paul mean by asking for “an open door” for the gospel?
What does Paul teach about Christian speech in Colossians 4:5–6?
Why does Paul include so many personal greetings at the end of the letter?
What can believers learn from Epaphras in this chapter?
Why is Paul’s mention of Mark significant?
What is the significance of Paul ending the letter by mentioning his chains?

To Page Index

Bible Lessons

4.1 Colossians 4:2-4, Pray Being Watchful with Thanksgiving

^4:2 Continue steadfastly in prayer, being watchful in it with thanksgiving. ³At the same time, pray also for us, that God may open to us a door for the word, to declare the mystery of Christ, on account of which I am in prison— ⁴ that I may make it clear, which is how I ought to speak. (Colossians 4:2 – 4 ESV)

In the previous lesson we quickly covered a large topic because it was previously covered in our Ephesians study. In this lesson, Paul gives some further instruction before closing his letter.

Paul’s instruction to “continue steadfast in prayer” is where I find myself today. As I watch our government make decisions that make no sense, watch unfolding events throughout the world, and see the devastating effects of weather events, to name three, I find myself in constant prayer for direction. If food and water supply should become a problem, do I have a plan in place? If the electric grid should fail for several days instead of several hours, do I have a source of electrical power to keep my CPAP machine running so I can safely sleep? Am I being watchful to know what might be coming? Might current tensions in the middle east escalate into the Ezekiel 38 war, and if so, will that devastate the United States? What will life be like then? When I was a kid growing up on a farm, we could live for six months from our food supply. We grew our own meat and even made our own soap. I think of how vulnerable we have become today, and so, I continue in steadfast prayer, as the oldest one in my extended family, to try to determine what we should do.

My prayer also extends to the demise of the western church. If this winter (this was written about two months ago) we are told we cannot assemble or only if we have gotten the covid shots, I know from experience how most of the churches will respond. We have demonstrated that it more important to obey government than God in the matter of assembling. As the government mandate getting the shots, at the expense of God given freedom, that is what most will readily do and at the expense of those who do not. I find myself in prayer that Christians will be willing to suffer to maintain their walk with the Lord. Jesus died for our salvation. How much are we willing to suffer in carrying our cross each day?

As the events on the horizon unfold before us, are we watchful, preparing for their arrival with thanksgiving? Jesus instructed his disciples to “watch and pray that [they] not enter into temptation” (Mark 14:38). How close is temptation for you to compromise your faith? In all these things thanksgiving is important because it influences and modifies how we pray. Thanksgiving protects our prayer from becoming merely a selfish pleading to have our desires fulfilled (cf. James 4:1 – 3).

Paul request prayer for himself and those ministering with him, that God would open a door for the word, to declare the mystery of Christ. I pray also that God will open a door for these lessons to be effective in the lives of my readers. Because of Paul preaching the gospel, he finds himself in prison. I came close to being picked up when ministering in an underground school in Asia. If I had stayed just a couple of more days, I would have been there when the school was raided. I have often wondered if persecution is in my future.

When Paul has opportunity to speak, he wants to know how he ought to speak. I want to know how to write, to make the word clear to those who read these lessons.

4.2 Colossians 4:5-6, Walk in Wisdom

^4:5 Walk in wisdom toward outsiders, making the best use of the time. ⁶Let your speech always be gracious, seasoned with salt, so that you may know how you ought to answer each person. (Colossians 4:5 – 6 ESV)

In the previous lesson I mentioned some concerns that cause me to be steadfast in prayer. In this lesson, Paul continues to give instruction in their use of time.

Paul began his instruction to them in 4:2 by telling them to “continue steadfastly in prayer, being watchful in it with thanksgiving.” He now adds several more elements of instruction, the first being: “Walk in wisdom toward outsiders.” Paul speaks of this in Ephesians 5:15 – 17 ESV: “Look carefully then [at] how you walk, not as unwise but as wise, making the best use of the time, because the days are evil. Therefore, do not be foolish but understand what the will of the Lord is.” To walk in wisdom implies a knowledge of the Scriptures and a capacity to apply it to our walk, and in that walk, we are to be able to discern and judge correctly, to be able to discriminate between what is true and what is false, and to discern between what is fit and proper, and what is improper. We are to have an attractive testimony towards those needing to hear the gospel.

As we walk, we are to be careful to make the best use of our time. It is easy to become distracted along the way, causing us to lose focus and possible opportunities to share with someone who is ready to hear the way of salvation.

When we have opportunity to share, we are to be sure that our speech is always gracious and seasoned with salt. To be gracious is to show favor, kindness, and compassion, especially in difficult or contentious situations. “A soft answer turns away wrath” (Proverbs 15:1a ESV). We want to maintain an open door for conversation by maintaining a peaceful and inquisitive environment.

Having our words “seasoned with salt” is a metaphor that implies “good taste.” Many foods are made much more palatable with the addition of some salt. Having our words “seasoned with salt” is to make them more enjoyable and meaningful to hear and thus have a greater impact.

To know what to say comes from guidance of the Spirit, drawing on our growing knowledge of the Scriptures. Paul stressed this in his second letter to Timothy. He told Timothy to “Study to show yourself approved by God, a workman who need not be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth” (2 Timothy 2:15 MEV). As we grow in the word, we are better equipped to answer questions that come up in our sharing.

4.3 Colossians 4:7-13, Final Greeting – 1

^4:7 Tychicus will tell you all about my activities. He is a beloved brother and faithful minister and fellow servant in the Lord. ⁸I have sent him to you for this very purpose, that you may know how we are and that he may encourage your hearts, ⁹and with him Onesimus, our faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They will tell you of everything that has taken place here.

^4:10 Aristarchus my fellow prisoner greets you, and Mark the cousin of Barnabas (concerning whom you have received instructions—if he comes to you, welcome him), ¹¹and Jesus who is called Justus. These are the only men of the circumcision among my fellow workers for the kingdom of God, and they have been a comfort to me. ¹²Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ Jesus, greets you, always struggling on your behalf in his prayers, that you may stand mature and fully assured in all the will of God. ¹³For I bear him witness that he has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis. (Colossians 4:7 – 13 ESV)

With the previous lesson we finished our study of the main body of Paul’s letter to the Colossians. With this lesson we begin our study at his final greeting.

Doing a search using this link (https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=Tychicus+&version=ESV) yields five results for the name of “Tychicus.” We first met him in Acts 20:4 and learned that he was a native of Asia Minor, who became a believer and a member of Paul’s ministry team. His name also appears at Ephesians 6:21, 2 Timothy 4:12, and Titus 3:12. Paul used Tychicus to deliver his letters to the Ephesians (Ephesians 6:21 – 22) and Colossians and bring them news about Paul (Colossians 4:8) that he may encourage their heats.

Paul describes Tychicus as a beloved brother and faithful minister and fellow servant in the Lord. Paul also mentions Onesimus and describes him as a faithful and beloved brother and indicates that he traveled with Tychicus to Colossae. Onesimus was Philemon’s converted slave. We will learn about Philemon and Onesimus when we study the letter of Philemon which is next on our list.

When we search for Aristarchus, we come up with five references (Acts 19:29; 20:4; 27:2, Colossians 4:10, and Philemon 1:24). He was an early Christian and traveled with Paul on his journey to Rome. He was a Macedonian of Thessalonica (Acts 27:2). Paul indicates that he was a fellow prisoner at Rome (Colossians 4:10).

Mark, the cousin of Barnabas, is mentioned next. He may be going to Colossae and if he does, they are to welcome him. In passing, Paul mentions Jesus who is called Justus. He was considered a replacement of Judas as a disciple but lost to Matthias (Acts 1:23).

Epaphras is mentioned next. We met him in Colossians 1:7 and we will meet him again when we study the letter of Philemon. Paul describes him as servant of Christ Jesus, who always diligent in his prayers on behalf of the Colossians that they may stand mature and fully assured in God’s will. Paul bears witness of him working hard for them and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis.

We are going to take a break here and finish this letter in the next lesson.

4.4 Colossians 4:14-19, Final Greeting – 2

4:14 Luke the beloved physician greets you, as does Demas. 15 Give my greetings to the brothers at Laodicea, and to Nympha and the church in her house. 16 And when this letter has been read among you, have it also read in the church of the Laodiceans; and see that you also read the letter from Laodicea. 17 And say to Archippus, “See that you fulfill the ministry that you have received in the Lord.”

4:18 I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand. Remember my chains. Grace be with you. (Colossians 4:14 – 19 ESV)

In the previous lesson we covered the first part of Paul’s final greeting to the church at Colossae. In this lesson we will finish the greeting and the letter.

Luke is mentioned next and is the same Luke, the beloved physician, who authored the gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles. He and Demas greet those at Colossae. Demas has the unfortunate distinction of falling in love with the present world and deserting Paul and going to Thessalonica (2 Timothy 4:10).

Paul wants them to extend his greeting to the brothers at Laodicea and to Nympha and the church in her house. When those at Colossae finish reading this letter, Paul wants them to take it to the church at Laodicea and read it to them.

Paul wants them to remind Archippus to fulfill the ministry that he had received in the Lord.

Since Paul has trouble seeing, he has a scribe write his letters and to ensure that this letter was from him, he signed it himself.

He reminds them to remember his chains and pray for him. He closes with, “Grace to you.”

Questions with Answers

1. Why does Paul begin Colossians 4 by addressing masters, and what principle is he teaching?

Paul begins the chapter by instructing masters to treat their servants “justly and fairly,” reminding them that they also have a Master in heaven (Colossians 4:1). This teaching reveals that earthly authority is always accountable to God’s higher authority. In the Roman world, servants and slaves often had little protection or dignity, yet Paul calls believing masters to act with righteousness, compassion, and fairness. Christianity transformed relationships by placing both servant and master under the lordship of Christ.

The deeper principle is that every believer, regardless of position, is accountable to God for how they treat others. Leadership in the kingdom of God is not based on power, but on stewardship and responsibility. Those with authority are called to reflect the character of Christ through humility, justice, and mercy. Paul reminds the Colossians that earthly status fades, but heavenly accountability remains eternal.

2. Why does Paul place such strong emphasis on prayer in this chapter?

Paul urges believers to “continue steadfastly in prayer, being watchful in it with thanksgiving” (Colossians 4:2). Prayer was not meant to be occasional or secondary, but a constant and faithful part of the Christian life. Paul understood that spiritual growth, endurance, wisdom, and ministry effectiveness all depended upon communion with God.

He specifically asks for prayer that God would open a door for the word so he could proclaim the mystery of Christ (Colossians 4:3). Even while imprisoned, Paul’s concern was not personal comfort but gospel advancement. This reveals the heart of a servant fully devoted to Christ.

Paul also connects prayer with watchfulness and thanksgiving. Watchfulness means spiritual alertness — being aware of temptation, opposition, opportunities, and God’s activity. Thanksgiving guards the believer from discouragement and helps maintain confidence in God’s goodness. Together, these qualities produce a spiritually mature life that depends continually on the Lord.

3. What does Paul mean by asking for “an open door” for the gospel?

When Paul asks believers to pray that God would “open to us a door for the word” (Colossians 4:3), he is referring to opportunities for the gospel message to spread. In Scripture, an open door symbolizes God-given access for ministry and evangelism. Paul recognized that human effort alone cannot change hearts; God must create opportunities and prepare people to receive the truth.

This request is remarkable because Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter. Instead of asking primarily for release, he asks for opportunities to continue proclaiming Christ. His priorities reveal deep spiritual maturity and unwavering commitment to the mission of God.

Believers today can learn from Paul’s example by praying not only for personal blessings, but also for opportunities to share the gospel with others. God continues to open doors through relationships, conversations, hardships, and unexpected circumstances. Christians are called to walk through those doors with courage and faithfulness.

4. What does Paul teach about Christian speech in Colossians 4:5–6?

Paul instructs believers to “walk in wisdom toward outsiders” and to let their speech “always be gracious, seasoned with salt” (Colossians 4:5–6). These verses emphasize that a believer’s words are powerful witnesses to the reality of Christ.

Speech that is gracious reflects kindness, humility, patience, and love. Christians are not called to harshness or arrogance, but to communicate truth in a way that reflects the character of Jesus. “Seasoned with salt” suggests speech that is pure, wise, thoughtful, and beneficial. Salt preserves and adds flavor, and Christian speech should bring spiritual benefit and truth to others.

Paul also teaches that believers should know “how you ought to answer each person.” This means Christians should seek wisdom and discernment when speaking with unbelievers. Different people have different questions, struggles, and spiritual needs. Effective witness requires both truth and love, courage and gentleness.

5. Why does Paul include so many personal greetings at the end of the letter?

The closing greetings in Colossians 4 may seem like simple personal notes, but they reveal the relational nature of Christian ministry. Paul mentions many coworkers and companions, including Tychicus, Onesimus, Aristarchus, Mark, Epaphras, Luke, and Demas. These greetings show that the work of the gospel was carried out through a community of believers serving together.

Each individual demonstrates a different aspect of ministry. Some encouraged Paul during imprisonment, some carried letters, some prayed faithfully, and others labored in teaching and evangelism. The church was not built by one person alone, but by many believers faithfully serving in different roles.

These greetings also remind believers that faithfulness matters to God, even when ministry seems small or unnoticed. Paul valued people deeply and acknowledged their contributions publicly. Christian ministry is relational, cooperative, and centered on mutual encouragement in Christ.

6. What can believers learn from Epaphras in this chapter?

Paul gives special praise to Epaphras, describing him as one “always struggling on your behalf in his prayers” (Colossians 4:12). Epaphras demonstrates the importance of intercessory prayer and spiritual concern for others.

The word “struggling” suggests intense effort and perseverance. Prayer is not passive or meaningless; it is spiritual labor. Epaphras prayed earnestly that believers would stand mature and fully assured in the will of God. His concern was not merely for their comfort, but for their spiritual growth and stability.

Believers today can learn from his example by praying faithfully for others — for their spiritual maturity, endurance, wisdom, and faithfulness to Christ. Epaphras shows that some of the greatest ministry work happens quietly through persistent prayer.

7. Why is Paul’s mention of Mark significant?

Paul mentions Mark in Colossians 4:10 and instructs the church to welcome him. This is significant because Mark had previously failed during an earlier missionary journey, causing serious disagreement between Paul and Barnabas (Acts 15:37–39). At one point, Paul considered Mark unreliable for ministry work.

However, Colossians reveals restoration and reconciliation. Mark had matured spiritually and regained Paul’s confidence. Later, Paul would even describe Mark as “very useful” for ministry (2 Timothy 4:11).

This teaches an important lesson about grace and spiritual growth. Failure does not have to define a believer’s future. God restores, matures, and renews those who continue walking with Him. The church should be a place of restoration where repentant believers are encouraged and strengthened for future service.

8. What is the significance of Paul ending the letter by mentioning his chains?

Paul closes the letter with the words, “Remember my chains” (Colossians 4:18). This brief statement reminds believers that following Christ often involves suffering and sacrifice. Paul’s imprisonment was not a sign of failure, but evidence of his faithfulness to the gospel.

His chains also served as a powerful testimony. Even while imprisoned, Paul continued encouraging churches, teaching truth, and spreading the gospel. His circumstances could not stop God’s work.

By mentioning his chains, Paul invites believers to remember those who suffer for Christ and to remain steadfast in their own faith. The Christian life is not always easy, but God’s grace sustains His people through hardship. Paul’s final words point believers back to the sustaining power of divine grace: “Grace be with you.”

Colossians – Christ Supreme and Sufficient

Introduction to Colossians

Context for Colossians

Major Themes in Colossians

Chapter 1 – The Supremacy of Christ

Chapter Introduction

Chapter Lesson Index

Chapter Questions and Answers

Bible Lessons

1.1 Introduction to Colossians

1.2 Colossians 1:1-2, Initial Greeting

1.3 Colossians 1:3-8, Thanksgiving Part of Paul’s Prayer

1.4 Colossians 1:9, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 1

1.5 Colossians 1:10, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 2

1.6 Colossians 1:11, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 3

1.7 Colossians 1:12, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 4

1.8 Colossians 1:13, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 5

1.9 Colossians 1:14, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 6

1.10 Colossians 1:14, Request Part of Paul’s Prayer – 7

1.11 Colossians 1:9-14, Our Personal Prayer

1.12 Colossians 1:15, The Image of the Invisible God

1.13 Colossians 1:15-17, He Created All Things and Holds All Things Together

1.14 Colossians 1:18, Christ Is Preeminent Over All

1.15 Colossians 1:19-20, He Reconciled All Things

1.16 Colossians 1:21-23, Our Reconciliation

1.17 Colossians 1:24-26, Being a Good Steward of the Gospel

1.18 Colossians 1:27-29, Christ in You, the Hope of Glory

Questions with Answers

1. Why does Paul begin Colossians 1 by giving thanks for the believers in Colossae?

2. What does Paul mean when he says the gospel is “bearing fruit and increasing” throughout the world?

Chapter 2 – Complete in Christ, Guarded from Deception

Chapter Introduction

Chapter Questions and Answers

Bible Lessons

2.1 Colossians 2:1-5, Hidden Treasure

2.2 Colossians 2:6-7, Be Rooted and Built Up

2.3 Colossians 2:8-10, Beware of False Teachers

2.4 Colossians 2:11-15, The Metaphor of Baptism

2.5 Colossians 2:16-19, A Shadow of the Things to Come

2.6 Colossians 2:20-23, Be Alert to False Teaching

Questions with Answers

Chapter 3 – New Life in Christ

Chapter Introduction

Chapter Questions and Answers

Bible Lessons

3.1 Colossians 3:1-4, What to Set Our Minds On

3.2 Colossians 3:5-7, Items to Put to Death

3.3 Colossians 3:8-11, Items to Put Away

3.4 Colossians 3:12-17, God’s Chosen Ones

3.5 Colossians 3:12, Virtues We Are to Put On – 1

3.6 Colossians 3:13-14, Virtues We Are to Put On – 2

3.7 Colossians 3:15, Virtues We Are to Put On – 3

3.8 Colossians 3:16-17, Virtues We Are to Put On – 4

3.9 Colossians 3:18-4:1, Relationship Rules

Questions with Answers

Chapter 4 – Prayerful Living and Wise Witness

Chapter Introduction

Chapter Questions and Answers

Bible Lessons

4.1 Colossians 4:2-4, Pray Being Watchful with Thanksgiving

4.2 Colossians 4:5-6, Walk in Wisdom

​4.3 Colossians 4:7-13, Final Greeting – 1

4.4 Colossians 4:14-19, Final Greeting – 2

Questions with Answers

4.3 Colossians 4:7-13, Final Greeting – 1